Abstract
This paper aims toward coordination between generation and demand of electric power, which is termed as automatic generation control (AGC). A wind energy conversion system (WECS)-based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) integrated with two equal areas conventional thermal generation was proposed. A fuzzy-Proportional Integral Derivative (fuzzy-PID) controller was used for stabilizing deviation in frequency (∆f) and tie-line power (∆Ptie). The gains of fuzzy-PID and DFIG controller are tuned optimally using a multi-objective optimization technique called symbiotic organism search (SOS) algorithm. In addition, the dynamic response and accuracy of system under study was investigated using integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE). The performance of fuzzy-PID controller was compared with conventional PID, PI, and fuzzy-PI controller in terms of settling time and peak overshoot. Finally, it was observed experimentally that the proposed SOS optimized fuzzy-PID controller gives superior dynamic and robust performance as compared to other controllers under various operating conditions.
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Appendix
Appendix
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A.
Nominal parameter of system
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i = subscript referred to area (1, 2)
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Hi = Inertia constant = H1 = H2 = 5
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∆fi = Incremental change in frequency (Hz)
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∆Pdi = Incremental load change
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Di = 8.33 × 10−3 p.u MW/Hz
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R1 = R2 = 2.4 Hz/p.u MW
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Tg1 = Tg2 = 0.08 s (steam governor time constant)
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Kr1 = Kr2 = 0.5 (steam turbine reheat coefficient)
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Tr1 = Tr2 = 10 s (steam turbine reheat time constant)
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Tt1 = Tt2 = 0.3 s (steam turbine time constant)
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\( \upbeta1 =\upbeta1 = 0.425 \) (frequency bias)
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f1 = f2 = 60 Hz
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Tp1 = Tp2 = 20 s (power system time constant)
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Kp1 = Kp2 = 120 Hz/p.u MW (power system gain constant)
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T12 = synchronizing coefficient
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Pr1 = Pr2 = 2000 MW (area capacity)
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B.
Nominal parameter of system with DFIG
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\( \upbeta1 =\upbeta2 = 0.314 \) (frequency bias)
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He = 3.5 s (equivalent WECS time constant)
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Tw = 6 s (washout filter time constant)
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TR = frequency transducer time constant
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TA = controlled WECS time constant
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Kpw = speed regulator proportional time constant
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Kiw = speed regulator integral constant
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\( P_{NC}^{\hbox{min} } /P_{nc}^{\hbox{max} } = \) WECS output power limit = 0/1.2 p.u.
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Sahu, P.C., Prusty, R.C., Panda, S. (2019). Stability Analysis in RECS-Integrated Multi-area AGC System with SOS Algorithm Based Fuzzy Controller. In: Behera, H., Nayak, J., Naik, B., Abraham, A. (eds) Computational Intelligence in Data Mining. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 711. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8055-5_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8055-5_21
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