Abstract
During the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor (1862–74) of the Qing dynasty, there was a certain mother and daughter who lived together in the southeastern province of Zhejiang, where they worked as seamstresses. The daughter, Bi Xiugu, had always had a very fair complexion, which earned her the nickname Bok Choy, or “little cabbage”.
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- 1.
The Chinese word for this cabbage contains the character for ‘white’.
- 2.
See Zhou (1985).
- 3.
See Chen (1991, pp. 19–20).
- 4.
- 5.
See Chen (1982, pp. 31–32).
- 6.
See Xia (1990).
- 7.
See Noye (1991).
- 8.
ibid., p. 10.
- 9.
See Zhang (1985).
- 10.
ibid., p. 122.
- 11.
ibid.
- 12.
ibid., p. 230.
- 13.
ibid., p. 255.
- 14.
ibid., pp. 48–49.
- 15.
See Chen (1991, pp. 25–26).
- 16.
ibid., pp. 31–33.
- 17.
See Cohen (1997).
- 18.
See He (2004).
- 19.
See He (2003).
- 20.
Liu (1984).
- 21.
See He (1989).
- 22.
The author here raises a simplistic example that does not conform to rigorous statistical analysis.
- 23.
Because such minutiae of fingerprints are indeed evaluated, we need not at this point consider the characteristics of pattern shape.
- 24.
This number and the values presented below are the author’s hypothetical examples only. A real fingerprint analysis involves large amounts of data and many factors.
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He, J. (2018). The History of Judicial Proof. In: Methodology of Judicial Proof and Presumption. Masterpieces of Contemporary Jurisprudents in China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8025-8_2
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