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The Fourth Phase of Water: Implications for Energy, Life, and Health

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Abstract

Water is known to have three phases, solid, liquid, and vapor. However, we discovered a fourth phase, lying in between solid and liquid. While the evidence for this phase is relatively new, the concept of a fourth, ordered, phase of water dates back at least a century. This recently identified phase carries with it considerable explanatory power for diverse disciplines, a sampling of which is offered here.

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Correspondence to Gerald H. Pollack .

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Pollack, G.H. (2018). The Fourth Phase of Water: Implications for Energy, Life, and Health. In: Artmann, G., Artmann, A., Zhubanova, A., Digel, I. (eds) Biological, Physical and Technical Basics of Cell Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7904-7_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7904-7_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7903-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7904-7

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