Abstract
Automatic understanding of crowd dynamics through computer vision is a challenging task. There exists a number of works related to crowd behaviors, especially when the gatherings are large. A crowd can be characterized by its speed, randomness, or density. Large gatherings at sociocultural events often cause traffic congestion at cities or even they lead to untoward incidents such as stampede or accidents. However, if the crowd dynamics can be understood or predicted, precautionary measures can be taken by the administrative authority. In this paper, a Gibbs entropy-based crowd characterization has been proposed to estimate crowd dynamics, especially at large gatherings. The average frame energy estimated by the kinetic energy of moving particles has been used to estimate the speed of movement, while the average frame entropy gives information about the randomness in the crowd. The proposed method has been evaluated on two publicly available datasets as well as our dataset videos recorded during sociocultural gatherings. It has been observed that the proposed entropy-energy-based analysis can successfully characterize crowd dynamics and it can be used for flow analysis and density estimation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ratha Yatra (puri)—wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri), (Accessed on 07/05/2017)
Ali, S., Shah, M.: A lagrangian particle dynamics approach for crowd flow segmentation and stability analysis pp. 1–6 (2007)
Cao, L., Zhang, X., Ren, W., Huang, K.: Large scale crowd analysis based on convolutional neural network. Pattern Recognition 48(10), 3016–3024 (2015)
Chaker, R., Al Aghbari, Z., Junejo, I.N.: Social network model for crowd anomaly detection and localization. Pattern Recognition 61, 266–281 (2017)
Farnebäck, G.: Two-frame motion estimation based on polynomial expansion. Image analysis pp. 363–370 (2003)
Foroughi, H., Ray, N., Zhang, H.: Robust people counting using sparse representation and random projection. Pattern Recognition 48(10), 3038–3052 (2015)
Jaynes, E.T.: Gibbs vs boltzmann entropies. American Journal of Physics 33(5), 391–398 (1965)
Junior, J.C.S.J., Musse, S.R., Jung, C.R.: Crowd analysis using computer vision techniques. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 27(5), 66–77 (2010)
Kataoka, H., Hashimoto, K., Iwata, K., Satoh, Y., Navab, N., Ilic, S., Aoki, Y.: Extended co-occurrence hog with dense trajectories for fine-grained activity recognition pp. 336–349 (2014)
Liang, R., Zhu, Y., Wang, H.: Counting crowd flow based on feature points. Neurocomputing 133, 377–384 (2014)
Mancas, M., Riche, N., Leroy, J., Gosselin, B.: Abnormal motion selection in crowds using bottom-up saliency pp. 229–232 (2011)
Mehran, R., Moore, B., Shah, M.: A streakline representation of flow in crowded scenes. Computer Vision–ECCV 2010 pp. 439–452 (2010)
Mota, V.F., Perez, E.d.A., Maciel, L.M., Vieira, M.B., Gosselin, P.H.: A tensor motion descriptor based on histograms of gradients and optical flow. Pattern Recognition Letters 39, 85–91 (2014)
Rodriguez, M., Laptev, I., Sivic, J., Audibert, J.Y.: Density-aware person detection and tracking in crowds pp. 2423–2430 (2011)
Santoro, F., Pedro, S., Tan, Z.H., Moeslund, T.B.: Crowd analysis by using optical flow and density based clustering pp. 269–273 (2010)
Solmaz, B., Moore, B.E., Shah, M.: Identifying behaviors in crowd scenes using stability analysis for dynamical systems. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 34(10), 2064–2070 (2012)
Wang, T., Snoussi, H.: Detection of abnormal events via optical flow feature analysis. Sensors 15(4), 7156–7171 (2015)
Wu, S., Su, H., Yang, H., Zheng, S., Fan, Y., Zhou, Q.: Bilinear dynamics for crowd video analysis. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation (2017)
Wu, S., San Wong, H.: Crowd motion partitioning in a scattered motion field. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 42(5), 1443–1454 (2012)
Yapa, R.D., Harada, K.: Connected component labeling algorithms for gray-scale images and evaluation of performance using digital mammograms. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 8(6), 33–41 (2008)
Zhan, B., Monekosso, D.N., Remagnino, P., Velastin, S.A., Xu, L.Q.: Crowd analysis: a survey. Machine Vision and Applications 19(5), 345–357 (2008)
Zhong, Z., Ye, W., Wang, S., Yang, M., Xu, Y.: Crowd energy and feature analysis pp. 144–150 (2007)
Acknowledgements
This research work is funded by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, through the grant YSS/2014/000046.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Behera, S., Dogra, D.P., Roy, P.P. (2018). Characterization of Dense Crowd Using Gibbs Entropy. In: Chaudhuri, B., Kankanhalli, M., Raman, B. (eds) Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Computer Vision & Image Processing . Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 704. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7898-9_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7898-9_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7897-2
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7898-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)