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Monoamine Oxidases

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Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 87))

Abstract

Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO A and B) are mammalian flavoenzymes bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane. They were discovered almost a century ago and they have been the subject of many biochemical, structural and pharmacological investigations due to their central role in neurotransmitter metabolism. Currently, the treatment of Parkinson’s disease involves the use of selective MAO B inhibitors such as rasagiline and safinamide. MAO inhibition was shown to exert a general neuroprotective effect as a result of the reduction of oxidative stress produced by these enzymes, which seems to be relevant also in non-neuronal contexts. MAOs were successfully expressed as recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris, which allowed a thorough biochemical and structural characterization. These enzymes are characterized by a globular water-soluble main body that is anchored to the mitochondrial membrane through a C-terminal α-helix, similar to other bitopic membrane proteins. In both MAO A and MAO B the enzyme active site consists of a hydrophobic cavity lined by residues that are conserved in the two isozymes, except for few details that determine substrate and inhibitor specificity. In particular, human MAO B features a dual-cavity active site whose conformation depends on the size of the bound ligand. This article provides a comprehensive and historical review of MAOs and the state-of-the-art of these enzymes as membrane drug targets.

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Abbreviations

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

GFP:

green fluorescence protein

MAO:

monoamine oxidase

MPTP:

1-metil 4-fenil 1,2,3,6-tetraidro-piridina

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Fondazione Cariplo (grant n. 2014-0672 to C.B.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Dale E. Edmondson

  2. Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Claudia Binda

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  1. Dale E. Edmondson
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  2. Claudia Binda
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Correspondence to Claudia Binda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Zoology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    J. Robin Harris

  2. Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Egbert J. Boekema

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Edmondson, D.E., Binda, C. (2018). Monoamine Oxidases. In: Harris, J., Boekema, E. (eds) Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 87. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_5

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