Skip to main content

Abstract

Laboratory and field techniques and bioassays are very important methods, procedures, and tools for researchers and graduate students to use for their research achievements. In this chapter, a number of standardized, reproducible techniques have been included which will be very helpful for Brassicalogists to validate, refine, and update their research pursuits on all aspects using the crucifers-Hyaloperonospora-patho-system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achar PN (1995) Tissue culture techniques to determine the viability of Peronospora parasitica in Brassica oleracea. J Phytopathol 143:647–649

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agnola B, Boury S, Monot C, Quillevere A, Herve I, Silue D (2003) Evidence that a leaf-disk allows assessment of isolatespecific resistance in Brassica oleracea crops against downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica). Eur J Plant Pathol 109:471–478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389–3402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Asada Y, Ohguchi T (1981) Behaviour of downy mildew fungus of Japanese radish on modified knop’s medium. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan 47:71–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnet A, Blancard D (1987) Resistance of radish (Raphanus sativa L.) to downy mildew, Peronospora parasitica. Cruciferae NewsLett 12:98–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Buscot F, Wipf D, Di Battista C, Munch JC, Botton B, Martin F (1996) DNA polymorphism in morels: PCR/RFLP analysis of the ribosomal DNA spacers and microsatellite-primed PCR. Mycol Res 100:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casimiro S, Moura M, Ze-Ze L, Tenreiro R, Monteiro AA (2004) Internal transcribed spacer 2 amplicon as a molecular marker for identification of Peronospora parasitica (crucifer downy mildew). J Appl Microbiol 96:579–587

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Channon AG, Hampson RJ (1968) Laboratory tests of fungicides against Peronospora parasitica (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Ann Appl Biol 62:23–33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corpet F (1988) Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering. Nucleic Acids Res 16:10881–10890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crute IR, Norwood JM, Gordon PL (1985) Resistance to phenylamide fungicides in lettuce and brassica downy mildew. In: Proceedings of the Bordeaux Mixture Centenary Meeting, September 5–7, 1985, pp 311–314. British Crop Production Council Monograph. No. 31

    Google Scholar 

  • Dangl JL, Holub EB, Debener T, Lehnackers H, Ritter C, Crute IR (1992) Genetic definition of loci involved in Arabidopsis-pathogen interactions. In: Koncz C, Chua NH, Schell J (eds) Methods in Arabidopsis research. World Scientific Press, Singapore, pp 393–418

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Denhardt DT (1966) A membrane-filter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 33:641–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson CH, Greenhalgh JR (1977) Host range and taxonomy of Peronospora on crucifers. Trans Br Mycol Soc 69:111–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan JM, Cooke D, Brich P, Toth R (1998) Molecular variability in sexually reproducing fungal plant pathogens. In: Bridge PD, Couteaudier Y, Clarkson JM (eds) Molecular variability of fungal pathogens. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 19–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards K, Johnstone C, Thompson C (1991) A simple and rapid method for the preparation of plant genomic DNA for PCR analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 19:1349

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira ME, Grattapaglia D (1995) Introducao ao uso de marcadores moleculares em analise genetica. EMBRAPA-CENARGEN, Brasilia

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh JR, Dickinson CH (1975) Differential reactions of three crucifers to infection by Peronospora parasitica (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. Phytopathol Z 84:131–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttenberg HV, Schmoller H (1958) Culture tests with Peronospora brassicae. Arch Mikrobiol 30:268–279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Havranek P, Navratilova B, Chytilova V (2005) Use of rooted leaves for screening of Brassica germplasm response to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) and downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora parasitica). Hort Sci (Prague) 32:1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holub EB, Beynon JL, Crute IR (1994) Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of interactions between isolates of Peronospora parasitica and accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 7:223–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingrain DS (1969) The susceptibility of Brassica Callus to infection by Peronospora parasitica. J Gen Microbiol 58:391–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jang P, Safeeulla KM (1990a) Seed-borne nature of Peronospora parasitica in Raphanus sativus. Proc Indian Acad Sci Plant Sci 100:225–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Jang P, Safeeulla KM (1990b) Modes of entry, establishment and seed transmission of Peronospora parasitica in radish. Proc Indian Acad Sci Plant Sci 100:369–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkyn JF, Hirst JM, King G (1973) An apparatus for the isolated propagation of foliar pathogens and their hosts. Ann Appl Biol 73:9–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keogh RC, Deverall BJ, McLeod S (1980) Comparison of histological and physiological responses to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in resistant and susceptible soybean. Trans Br Mycol Soc 74:329–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight C, Furber MJ (1980) Winter oilseed rape disease variety reaction. Nat Inst Agric Bot 15:276–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Koch E, Salusarenko A (1990) Arabidopsis is susceptible to infection by a downy mildew fungus. Plant Cell 2:437–445

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Krober H (1970) Longevity of conidia of several Peronospora species under different environmental conditions. Phytopathol Z 69:64–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krober H (1981) Germination and longevity of conidia of some Peronosporaceae kept under different conditions. Zeit Pflanzenk Pflanzenschutz 88:510–517

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanfranco L, Perotto S, Longato S, Mello A, Cometti V, Bonfante P (1998) Molecular approaches to investigate biodiversity in mycorrhizal fungi. In: Varma A (ed) Mycorrhiza Manual. Springer, Berlin, pp 353–372

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SB, Taylor JW (1990) Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single spores. Chapter 34. In: Innis M, Gelfand D, Sninsky J, White T (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Leung H (1981) Breeding for multiple disease resistance in cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica campestris L. M Sc Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA 73p

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin CY (1981) Studies on downy mildew of Chinese cabbage caused by Peronospora parasitica. In: Chinese cabbage. In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium. Asian Vegetable Research Development Center, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp 105–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas JA, Crute IR, Sherriff C, Gordon PL (1988) The identification of a gene for race-specific resistance to Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) in Brassica napus Var. oleifera (oilseed rape). Plant Pathol 37:538–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMeekin D (1971) Measuring systemic infection of crucifers by downy mildew. Plant Dis Reptr 55:877–878

    Google Scholar 

  • McMeekin D (1981) The response of Peronospora parasitica to a liver medium. Mycologia 73:551–554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills PR, Sreenivasaprasad S, Muthumeenakshi S (1998) Assessing diversity in Colletotrichum and Trichoderma species using molecular markers. In: Bridge PD, Couteaudier Y, Clarkson JM (eds) Molecular variability of fungal pathogens. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 105–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss NA, Lucas JA, Crute IR (1991) Evidence for differential response to isolates of Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) in Brassica rapa. Test Agro Chem. cv. 12 Ann Appl Biol 118: 96–97 (supplement)

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nashaat NI, Rawlinson CJ (1994) The response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) ssp. oleifera accessions with different gluconsinolate and erucic acid contents to four isolates of Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) and the identification of new sources of resistance. Plant Pathol 43:278–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natti JJ, Dickson MH, Atkin JD (1967) Resistance of Brassica oleracea varieties to downy mildew. Phytopathology 57:144–147

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien TP, McCully ME (1981) The study of plant structure: principles and selected methods. Termarcarphy Pty, Melburne

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohguchi T, Asada Y (1981) Oospore formation of Japanese radish downy mildew fungus. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan 47:75–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ohguchi T, Yoshida K, Ismail MY, Asada Y (1989) A laboratory method for propagation of downy mildew fungus (Peronospora parasitica) using the cotyledon or true leaf of Japanese radish seedlings. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan 55:561–566

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker JE, Holub EB, Frost LN, Falk A, Gunn ND, Daniels MJ (1996) Characterization of eds1, a mutation in Arabidopsis suppressing resistance to Peronospora parasitica specified by several different RPP genes. Plant Cell 8:2033–2046

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Paul VH, Klodt-Bussmann E (1993) First results from simple methods of preservation of Peronospora parasitica. IOBC/WPRS Bull 16:25–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul VH, Klodt-Bussmann E, Dapprich PD, Capelli C, Tewari JP (1998) Results on preservation, epidemiology, and aggressiveness of Peronospora parasitica and results with regard to the disease resistance of the pathogen on Brassica napus. Bulletin OILB/SROP 2:49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehmany AP, Lynn JR, Tor M, Holub EB, Beynon JL (2000) A comparison of Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) isolates from Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea using amplified fragment length polymorphism and internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence analyses. Fungal Genet Biol 30:95–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roland JC, Vian B (1991) General preparation and staining of thin sections. In: Hall JL, Hawes C (eds) Electron microscopy of plant cells. Academic Press, London, pp 1–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherriff C, Lucas JA (1989a) Cytogenetic study of heterothallic and homothallic isolates of Peronospora parasitica. Mycol Res 92:302–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherriff C, Lucas JA (1989b) Heterothallism and homothallism in Peronospora parasitica. Mycol Res 92:311–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherriff C, Lucas JA (1990) The host range of isolates of downy mildew, Peronospora parasitica from Brassica crop species. Plant Pathol 39:77–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shetty HS, Khanzada AK, Mathur SB (1978) Procedures for detecting seed borne inoculum of Sclerospora graminicola in pearl millet. Seed Sci Technol 6:935–941

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipton WA, Brown JF (1962) A whole-leaf clearing and staining technique to demonstrate hostpathogen relationships of wheat stem rust. Phytopathology 52:1313

    Google Scholar 

  • Soylu EM, Soylu S (2003) Light and electron microscopy of the compatible interaction between Arabidopsis and the downy mildew pathogen Peronospora parasitica. J Phytopathol 151:300–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tham FY, Lucas JA, Wilson ZA (1994) DNA finger printing of Peronospora parasitica, a biotrophic fungal pathogen of crucifers. Theor Appl Genet 88:490–496

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Snisky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 315–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams PH (1985) Crucifer genetics co-operative resource book. Downy Mildew. University of Wisconsin, Madison, pp D5–D7

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams PH, Leung H (1981) Methods of breeding for multiple disease resistant Chinese cabbage. In: Talekar NS, Griggs TD (eds) Chinese cabbage. Proceedings of the 1st international symposium. The Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Shanhua, Taiwan, pp 393–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res 18:6531–6535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao D, Liu ST, Wei YP, Zhou DY, Hou XL, Li Y, CM H (2016) C- DNA-AFLP analysis reveals differential gene expression in incompatible interaction between infected non-heading Chinese cabbage and Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Hort Res 3:1–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Saharan, G.S., Mehta, N., Meena, P.D. (2017). Techniques. In: Downy Mildew Disease of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7500-1_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics