Abstract
Aerobic organisms which derive their energy from the reduction of oxygen are susceptible to the damaging actions of the small amounts of O2 ā, OH, and H2O2 that inevitably form during the metabolism of oxygen, especially in the reduction of oxygen by the electron transfer system of mitochondria. These three species together with unstable intermediates in the peroxidation of lipids are referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are formed as a natural by-product of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. ROS are thought to play a dual role in plant biology and are accumulated by many types of stresses. Some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms, whereas many are involved in various metabolic as well as physiological processes necessary for growth and development of plants. During environmental stress of plants (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically. The ROS levels that are too low or too high impair plant growth and development, whereas maintaining ROS levels within the right range promotes plant health. Alterations in ROS levels that are part of the normal function of the plant should not exceed the threshold boundary between redox potentials and cytotoxic or cytostatic levels. Although recent studies have unraveled some of the key issues related to ROS like programmed cell death and cross talk with phytohormones during stress conditions, yet there are some unprecedented mechanisms which need to be expolred.
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Saini, P. et al. (2018). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): A Way to Stress Survival in Plants. In: Zargar, S., Zargar, M. (eds) Abiotic Stress-Mediated Sensing and Signaling in Plants: An Omics Perspective. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7479-0_4
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