Abstract
World population (7.4 billion) is rapidly increasing (1.11% per year) and is projected to reach more than nine billion by 2050. Conversely, increase in crop yield and productivity is declining because of deleterious environmental effects including abiotic stresses (cold, salinity and drought). As a result, a major area of concern throughout the world is to minimize the losses caused by these stresses to cope up with increasing food necessity. Particularly, low temperature stress (freezing and cold) overall leads to a mechanical constraint on cellular membrane. Cold acclimation requires accurate sensing, signalling and regulation of the transcriptional cascade. Cold stress signals are sensed by change in membrane fluidity, Ca2+ channels and several kinases and phospholipases and also by photosynthetic apparatus. Afterwards, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration increases, and this Ca2+ influx is identified by Ca2+ sensor (calmodulin and calcineurin B-like proteins) and Ca2+ responder proteins (CDPKs and CIPKs). Signal is then conversed downstream to induce the activity of C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) and hence COR gene expression. A MYC (myelocytomatosis)-type bHLH TF (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) activator of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) controls expression of CBFs. Cold acclimation is perceived in CBF-dependent or CBF-independent way, which regulates different set of TFs. In this chapter, we will emphasize on cold stress, its signalling, downstream effectors (dehydrins, ROS scavengers, cryoprotectants and proteins involved in transfer of lipids) and candidate genes responsible for cold stress tolerance. Several factors responsible for cold stress tolerance have been addressed including cold stress-responsive regulatory/promoter elements, and different transcription factors and downstream signalling pathways have been covered. The process of cold stress sensing, signalling and TFs involved in cellular response requires further understanding.
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Udawat, P., Deveshwar, P. (2018). Signalling During Cold Stress and Its Interplay with Transcriptional Regulation. In: Zargar, S., Zargar, M. (eds) Abiotic Stress-Mediated Sensing and Signaling in Plants: An Omics Perspective. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7479-0_11
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