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Role of Phytohormones in Plant Defense: Signaling and Cross Talk

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Molecular Aspects of Plant-Pathogen Interaction

Abstract

Plants, being sessile throughout their life cycle, are vulnerable to various kinds of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. They have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to detect precise environmental change and respond with an optimal response, thereby minimizing damage and conserving resources for growth and development. The response of plants towards these stresses are dynamic and complex. A defense response is initiated via modulation of molecular events, which involves interplay of signaling molecules including phytohormones. Phytohormones are small endogenous, low-molecular-weight molecules, which trigger an effective defense response against both biotic and abiotic stresses. Apart from defense signaling, these phytohormones are also regulators of growth, development, and physiological processes. The phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) respond to stress via synergistic and antagonistic actions often referred to as signaling cross talk. These phytohormones coordinate with each other in a harmonious manner and respond to developmental and environmental cues. All defense response in plants are the result of interplay of many genes and gene families nicely orchestrated in a network. Various phytohormones are known to play important role in almost all the process through the modulation of genes. Further, through the optimal mix of phytohormones, plants maintain homeostasis and adapt to the environmental changes. This is only possible by an efficient and systemic cross talk between various phytohormones which help plants to maintain a critical balance between growth and environmental response. This chapter would assist plant biologist in further understanding the ability of the plants to perceive, synthesize, and respond to phytohormones in response to environmental stresses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Vibha Gulyani Checker

  2. School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India

    Hemant Ritturaj Kushwaha

  3. Department of Life Sciences, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India

    Pragati Kumari

  4. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India

    Pragati Kumari

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

    Saurabh Yadav

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  1. Vibha Gulyani Checker
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  2. Hemant Ritturaj Kushwaha
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  4. Saurabh Yadav
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Correspondence to Saurabh Yadav .

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  1. Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Archana Singh

  2. Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

    Indrakant K. Singh

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Checker, V.G., Kushwaha, H.R., Kumari, P., Yadav, S. (2018). Role of Phytohormones in Plant Defense: Signaling and Cross Talk. In: Singh, A., Singh, I. (eds) Molecular Aspects of Plant-Pathogen Interaction. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7371-7_7

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