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Radiation-Based Plant Diagnostics: Positron Imaging-Based Studies of Plants

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Radiation Applications

Part of the book series: An Advanced Course in Nuclear Engineering ((ACNE,volume 07))

Abstract

Positron imaging technique is a new technology that enables to observe the materials transportation in living things using RI tracer labeled with a positron-emitting nuclide. In the positron imaging, a pair of annihilation gamma rays, generated by pair annihilation of a positron with an electron, are detected coincidently. In medical, positron emission tomography (PET) is used in a diagnostic imaging of cancer as a powerful tool. Plant positron imaging system is using the same measurement principle with PET and is developed as a device specialized for research on plants.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan

    Shinpei Matsuhashi

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  1. Shinpei Matsuhashi
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Correspondence to Shinpei Matsuhashi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Tokyo, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hisaaki Kudo

Exercises

Exercises

  1. 1.

    Complete the sentences by selecting the appropriate words for [a] to [k] from the word list below referencing the text of this chapter:

Positron imaging is a technology for measuring, in the form of images and in a [a] manner, compounds that are transferred within living bodies without damaging them using, as [b], positron-emitting radionuclides that emit [c] (positrons) when they decay. In the field of medicine, positron imaging is being utilized in the form of [d] (positron emission tomography ) for image-based diagnosis of cancers.

When a positron-emitting radionuclide β+ decays , a [e] in the atomic nucleus changes into a [f], and a positron is emitted as the differential electric charge between the [e] and [f]. For example, decaying of 11C (carbon-11 ), which is a positron-emitting radionuclide, turns it into 11B (boron-11), whose [g] is the same as that of 11C and whose atomic number is one less than that of 11C. Positrons are called [c] because they are antiparticles of electrons which have [h] electric charges. A positron emitted from an atomic nucleus has [i]. It will fly around in random directions and ultimately [j] together with an electron. This annihilation generates a pair of 511 keV gamma rays (annihilation gamma rays ). One of these gamma rays corresponds to the [g] of the positron and the other to the [g] of the electron. These two annihilation gamma rays travel in opposite directions (i.e., in directions 180° apart from each other). In positron imaging measurement, the pair of annihilation gamma rays is measured using the [k] method.

16.1.1 Word List

  1. 1.

    Positive electrons

  2. 2.

    Coincident counting

  3. 3.

    Tracers

  4. 4.

    Mass

  5. 5.

    Annihilates

  6. 6.

    Noninvasive

  7. 7.

    energy

  8. 8.

    PET

  9. 9.

    Positive

  10. 10.

    Proton

  11. 11.

    Neutron

  1. 2.

    Refer the text of this chapter, mark the correct ones out of the following five statements ([1] to [5]) with a ○ mark and the incorrect ones with a × mark.

    • [1] Short positron-emitting radionuclides are of no advantage for studies of plants, because most of them have a short half-life and their radioactivity decays in a short period of time.

    • [2] The only positron-emitting radionuclides that can be used for studies of plants are the so-called four PET radionuclides: 11C (carbon-11 ), 13N (nitrogen-13) , 15O (oxygen-15), and 18F (fluorine-18).

    • [3] Because positron-emitting radionuclides emit gamma rays with strong penetrating power, they can be utilized as tracers to measure the transport of nutrients in plants in the form of images.

    • [4] Images that can be obtained with positron imaging are not shape images like ones from X-ray CT but function images that reflect functions of living bodies.

    • [5] The measurement principles of PET equipment, which is used for cancer diagnosis , etc., and the measurement principles of PETIS (plant positron imaging equipment), which is used for studies of plants, are the same.

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Matsuhashi, S. (2018). Radiation-Based Plant Diagnostics: Positron Imaging-Based Studies of Plants. In: Kudo, H. (eds) Radiation Applications. An Advanced Course in Nuclear Engineering, vol 07. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7350-2_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7350-2_16

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