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Ion Beam-Induced Mutation in Plants

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Radiation Applications

Part of the book series: An Advanced Course in Nuclear Engineering ((ACNE,volume 07))

Abstract

Recently, heavy ions or ion beams have been used to create new mutants or varieties, especially in higher plants. It has been found that ion beams show high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of growth inhibition, lethality, and so on, but the characteristics of ion beams on mutation have not been clearly elucidated. To understand the effect of ion beams on mutation induction, mutation rates were investigated using visible known Arabidopsis mutant phenotypes, indicating that mutation frequencies induced by carbon ions were 20-fold higher than by electrons. In chrysanthemum and carnation, flower color and flower form mutants, which are hardly produced by gamma rays or X-rays, were effectively induced by ion beams. Novel mutants, such as UV-B resistant, serrated petals and sepals, anthocyaninless, etc. were first induced by ion beams. These genes were also found to encode novel and key proteins for each mechanism. The results indicated that the characteristics of ion beams for mutation induction are high mutation frequency and broad mutation spectrum and, therefore, efficient induction of novel mutants. On the other hand, PCR and sequencing analyses showed that half of all mutants induced by ion beams possessed large DNA alterations, while the rest had point-like mutations. Both mutations induced by ion beams had a common feature that deletion of several bases was predominantly induced. It is plausible that ion beams induce a limited amount of large and irreparable DNA damage, resulting in effective production of a null mutation that shows a new mutant phenotype.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan

    Atsushi Tanaka

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  1. Atsushi Tanaka
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Correspondence to Atsushi Tanaka .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Tokyo, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

    Hisaaki Kudo

Exercises

Exercises

  1. 1.

    State the difference between induction of mutations using ion beams and induction of mutations using gamma rays, electron beams, etc. and the reason for the difference.

  2. 2.

    Explain about possible applications of ion beam irradiation to induce mutations in plants for breeding purposes.

  3. 3.

    Research topical studies on ion beam breeding and report the result.

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Tanaka, A. (2018). Ion Beam-Induced Mutation in Plants. In: Kudo, H. (eds) Radiation Applications. An Advanced Course in Nuclear Engineering, vol 07. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7350-2_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7350-2_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-7349-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7350-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

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