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Gasoline Direct Injection Engines and Particulate Emissions

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Air Pollution and Control

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are increasingly used in transport sector worldwide in recent years due to the advantages they offer. These include superior fuel economy and better engine response and control due to introduction of electronic control unit (ECU) and high-pressure fuel injection system. One of the main challenges of using GDI engine vehicles is that they emit particulates, which are not an issue in case of multipoint port fuel injection (MPFI) engines. However, there is potential to further improve GDI engines for lower particulate matter (PM) emissions. Particulates from GDI engines are of different sizes such as coarse, fine and ultra-fine, and they also vary in composition and origin. The particulate of different sizes is known to cause adverse health effects. In this chapter, fundamental aspects of both homogeneous and stratified modes of combustion of GDI engines have been discussed, in addition to wall, spray and air-guided GDI engine concepts. A section of the chapter covers detailed comparison of particulate emitted by GDI and MPFI engines. Various size and concentration-based PM measurement techniques and instruments available commercially are included in this chapter. A discussion on influence of engine load, fuel type and spray characteristics on particulate emissions is elaborated towards the end of this chapter in addition to GDI soot morphological studies.

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Abbreviations

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

Dp:

Diameter of primary soot particle

ECU:

Electronic control unit

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

ELPI:

Electrical low-pressure impactor

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscope

FIP:

Fuel injection pressure

GDI:

Gasoline direct injection

GPF:

Gasoline particulate filter

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

IARC:

International agency for research on cancer

IC:

Internal combustion

ICP-OES:

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

MPFI:

Multipoint port fuel injection

PFI:

Port fuel injection

PM:

Particulate matter

WHO:

World health organization

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engine Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Nikhil Sharma & Avinash Kumar Agarwal

Authors
  1. Nikhil Sharma
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  2. Avinash Kumar Agarwal
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Avinash Kumar Agarwal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nikhil Sharma

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Avinash Kumar Agarwal

  3. Dunton Technical Centre, Ford Motor Company Limited, Basildon, Essex, United Kingdom

    Peter Eastwood

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Tarun Gupta

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Akhilendra P Singh

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Sharma, N., Agarwal, A.K. (2018). Gasoline Direct Injection Engines and Particulate Emissions. In: Sharma, N., Agarwal, A., Eastwood, P., Gupta, T., Singh, A. (eds) Air Pollution and Control. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7185-0_6

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