Abstract
Global consumption of hen eggs results in generation of approximately 1200 billion units of waste eggshells annually. This waste is considered environmental hazard and needs to be disposed off. This disposal is generally done in landfills without any pretreatment because it is conventionally useless and ultimately creates environmental pollution. Disposal of eggshells in already space-strained landfills results in problems of odor, flies, and vermins. Adequate utilization of waste eggshell would reduce the environmental problems caused by their disposal. This paper presents an alternative to disposal of eggshell through development of a process for gainful utilization of calcium oxide from waste eggshell (COWE). A commercially viable process is developed for biosorption of heavy metals present in effluent from pharmaceutical industry using COWE. The process can be used in both batch as well as continuous mode of process operation. COWE used for the present study is generated from calcination of waste eggshells. The physiochemical properties of the COWE were studied using XRD, SEM, EDAX, PSA, BET analysis. The COWE thus obtained was used for heavy metal removal from effluent discharged from pharmaceutical industries. Batch experiments were performed by varying dosage, pH, temperature, and contact time, whereas bed height and flow rate of adsorbent were varied in the continuous experimental studies. The initial and final concentrations of heavy metals in the effluent were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). It was found that maximum removal of heavy metals from the effluent was obtained at dosage (450 mg), pH (6.0), and temperature (40 °C) for batch experiments; for continuous operations, optimum conditions were analyzed at bed height (5.5 cm) and flow rate (5 mL/min). From the results, it can be concluded that calcined eggshell can be used as an effective adsorbent for real effluent treatment and can be used for commercial purpose using the optimum conditions as described in this study.
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Singh, V.K., Chevli, M.H., Tauseef, S.M., Siddiqui, N.A. (2018). Treatment of Effluent from Pharmaceutical Industry Using Calcium Oxide Obtained from Eggshells. In: Siddiqui, N., Tauseef, S., Bansal, K. (eds) Advances in Health and Environment Safety. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7122-5_32
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7122-5_32
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