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Health Assessment of Loktak Lake Using Diatoms as Biological Indicators

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Advances in Health and Environment Safety

Abstract

Loktak Lake, characterized by floating vegetation ‘phumdi,’ is the only natural habitat of endangered Sangai. The lake ecosystem is stressed by anthropogenic influences including commissioning of Ithai Barrage. Thus, a bio-assessment of ecosystem health was carried out using diatoms as indicator. The diatom samples were collected, integrated, processed, and mounted in Naphrax. Species count was made for 500 valves. Flora consisted of 114 diatom taxa. Species diversity and evenness are high. Van Dam ecologic categories depicted by 1–7 values, for pH, salinity, N2 uptake, O2 requirements, saprobity and trophic conditions of the Lake, were computed by OMNIDIA software. All categories (1–7) occurred only for trophic condition but the diatom community was dominated by eutraphentic forms, indicating eutrophication. Probably the barrage prevents flushing of nutrients accumulated from decaying phumdis. Leclercq Index indicates very high degradation, indicating vicious conditions in the lake. Restoration is essential to Loktak Lake.

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Acknowledgements

The first author acknowledges academic institutional support from the Principal, Government P.G. College, Dakpathar, and the co-author is thankful to the Head, Department of Zoology & Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, for extending all facilities during the present study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zoology Department, Government P.G. College, Dakpathar, Vikasnagar, Dehradun, 248125, Uttarakhand, India

    Rachna Nautiyal

  2. RUSA Directorate, Uttarakhand Government, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India

    Rachna Nautiyal

  3. Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, H. N. B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India

    Prakash Nautiyal

Authors
  1. Rachna Nautiyal
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  2. Prakash Nautiyal
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Correspondence to Rachna Nautiyal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    N. A. Siddiqui

  2. Environmental Research Institute, College of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    S. M. Tauseef

  3. College of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Kamal Bansal

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Diatom flora of Loktak Lake

Pennales

C

Diatoma vulgaris Bory morpho producta Gr. in VH

4

Fragilaria rumpens (Kützing) G.W.F. Carlson

26

Tabellaria fenestrate (Lyngbye) Kützing

5

Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compère

1

U. u. var. aequalis (Kützing) Aboal

4

U. u. var. acus (Kützing) Abol

32

U. amphirhynchus (Ehrenberg) Compere et Bukhtiyarova

1

U. danica (Kützing) Compere et Bukhtiyarova

2

Achnanthes brevipes Agardh

1

Achnanthidium catenatum (Bily& Mar.) Lange-Bertalot

14

A. exigum (Grunow) var. heterovalvum (Krasske) Czarnecki

2

Achnanthes microcephala (Kützing) Grunow

1

A. minutissimum (Kutzing) Czarnecki

1

Cocconeis euglypta Ehrenberg

31

C. pediculus Ehrenberg

7

C. placentula Ehrenberg

40

Lemnicola hungarica (Gr) Round & Basson

1

Planothidium hauckianum (Gr) Round & Bukhtiyarova

2

P.lanceolatum (Brebisson ex Kutzing) Lange-Bertalot

2

P. rostratum (Öestrup) Round & Bukhtiyarova

8

Rossithidium linearis (W. Smith) Round & Bukhtiyarova

3

Actinella guianensoides Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot

1

Eunotia alpina (Naegeli) Hustedt

1

E. flexuosa (Brebisson) Kützing

1

E. pectinalis (Dyllwyn) Rabenhorst

1

E. monodon Ehrenberg

4

E. m. var. bidens (Gregory) Hustedt

1

Amphora libyca Ehrenberg

1

A. montana Krasske

2

A. pediculus (Kützing) Grunow

3

A. veneta Kützing

2

Amphipleura pellucida Kützing

1

Anomoeoneis styriaca (Grunow) Hustedt

1

Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) Ross in Hartley

40

Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Cleve

1

Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) D.G. Mann

2

Craticula cuspidata (Kützing) D.G. Mann

1

Cymbella aspera (Ehrenberg) H. Peragallo

1

C. austriaca Grunow

1

C. excisa Kützing

10

C. gracilis (Ehrenberg) Kützing

1

C. hantzschiana Krammer

5

C. hustedtii Krasske

13

C. h. var. crassipunctata Lange-Bertalot & Krammer

7

C. mesiana Cholnoky

7

C. orientalis Lee in Lee Gotoh & Chung

1

C. perparva Krammer

1

C. parva (W. Smith) Kirchner in Cohn

1

C. pervarians Krammer

1

C. subleptoceros Krammer

11

C. subhelvetica Krammer

4

C. stigmaphora Østrup

5

C. tumida (Brébisson) Van Heurck

6

C. turgidula Grunnow

1

C. t. var. venezolana Krammer

1

Diadesmis confervacea Kützing

1

Diploneis elliptica (Kützing) Cleve

1

D. modica Hustedt

1

Encyonema minutum (Hilse in Rabenhorst) D.G. Mann

27

Epithemia sorex Kützing

3

E. zebra (Ehrenberg) Kützing

10

Frustulia vulgaris (Thwaite) De Toni

2

Gomphonema affine Kützing

4

G. acuminatum Ehrenberg

18

G. neonasutum Lange-Bertalot & Reichardt

51

G. angustum Agardh

1

G. augur Ehrenberg

6

G. clevei Fricke

7

G. gracile Ehrenberg

2

G. olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson

1

G. parvulum Kützing

59

G. subtile Ehrenberg

1

G. truncatum Ehrenberg

1

Gyrosigma obtusatum (Sullivan & Wormley) Boyer

29

Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow

5

Luticola goeppertiana (Bleish in Rbenhorst) D.G. Mann

2

Navicula capitatoradiata Germain

1

N. cryptocephala Kützing

10

N. cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot

9

N. krammerae Lange-Bertalot

1

N. upsaliensis (Grunow) Peragallo

1

N. phyllepta Kützing

20

N. radiosa Kützing

16

N. schroeteri Meister

16

N. rostellata Kützing

3

N. veneta Kützing

1

N. v. var. viridula (Kützing) Ehrenberg

4

N. v. var. v. forma linearis (Hustedt) Kobayasi

1

Neidium affine (Ehrenberg) Piftzer

1

N. ampliatum (Ehrenberg) Krammer

1

N. binodeforme Krammer

1

Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch

23

N. dissipata (Kützing) Grunow

1

N. dravellensis Coste & Ricard

1

N. frustulum (Kützing) Grunow

4

N. gracillis Hantzsch

2

N. hantzschiana Rabenhorst

12

N. obtusa var.scalpelliformis Grunow

1

N. palea (Kützing) W. Smith

20

Placoneis elliptica (Hustedt) Ohtsuka

1

Pinnularia acrospheria W. Smith

1

P. braunii (Grunow) Cleve

1

P. subcapitata Gregory

1

Pleurosigma angulatum (Quekett) W. Smith

4

Reimeria sinuata (Gregory) Kociolek & Stoermer

1

Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenberg) O. Müller

1

Sellaphora mantasoana Metzeltin et Lange-Bertalot

1

S. parapupula Lange-Bertalot

1

S. pupula (Kützing) Mereschkowsky

1

Stauroneis anceps Ehrenberg

1

S. phoenicenteron (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg

1

urirella capronii Brebisson in Kitton

3

S. linearis W. Smith

1

Centrales

Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing

8

Discostella stelligera (Cleve at Grunow) Houk & Klee

1

  1. Acronym: C = Count

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Nautiyal, R., Nautiyal, P. (2018). Health Assessment of Loktak Lake Using Diatoms as Biological Indicators. In: Siddiqui, N., Tauseef, S., Bansal, K. (eds) Advances in Health and Environment Safety. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7122-5_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7122-5_1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-7122-5

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