Abstract
This chapter investigates the impact of the regulatory stringency index constructed in Chap. 5 on patenting in Germany, Brazil, India, and China from 1985 to 2010. The index is based on an aggregation of all relevant environmental regulations that were adopted in these countries since 1985. The index (core explanatory variable) is a good measure of strictness of environmental policies and regulations because it relies on all (incremental) interventions, i.e., vehicular emissions, fuel consumption level, and the technological developments to meet these requirements.
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- 1.
The latter was pointed by an interviewee.
- 2.
The choice of lag lengths was based on interviews where I was told about the approximate time the industry expects the government to inform them, prior to announcing any new regulation.
- 3.
In this regression framework, the panel variable is a unique country (4)–ipc (23) id which makes the total panel groups 92. The time variable has 24 years with year 2011 dropped because of missing information. The total observations are therefore 2208.
- 4.
- 5.
The estimates are derived using Huber–White standard errors to control for heteroskedasticity for a shorter time period. Years 1985, 1986, and 2011 had to be dropped due to inconsistency.
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Bharadwaj, A. (2018). Empirical Methodology and Findings. In: Environmental Regulations and Innovation in Advanced Automobile Technologies. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6952-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6952-9_7
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