Abstract
Photosynthetic research has been adopted the most informative and still remained unanswered in many aspects for plant growth and development. The basic and applied research for photosynthesis under ambient as well as natural or induced stress condition is well characterized in different plant species by the use of fluorescence technique. The description of photosynthetic process in terms of photochemistry and its quenching in heat and other forms has added much information to characterize the responses of plant genotypes. The principle, experimental setup, standardization with materials to materials, application and exercise, and finally derivation of data have been under revision for improved instrumentations. The imaging analysis of leaf under photosynthetic condition and its any deviation under stress condition has warranted the fluorescence technique as most reliable for in vivo, however, noninvasive and reliable in understanding plant’s behavior. Moreover, the amalgamation of fluorescence study through pulse amplitude modulation technique with CO2 gas exchange device has added advantages to the simultaneous recording of light-generated products in carbon reduction cycle. In reference to appropriate application of PAM measured florescence and imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence in determination, quantification and steady monitoring are customized according to instruments variation. Therefore, in this mini review, a specific focus has been set for an overview of fluorescence methodology with useful parameters, its proper use in plants’ responses, allied external factors affecting the photochemistry, the relationship with carbon reduction with acquired light energy, and further scope for up-gradation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams WW III, Demmig-Adams B (2004) Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool to monitor plant response to the environment. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 583–604
Adams WWIII, Demmig-Adams B (2006) Energy dissipation and photoinhibition: a continuum of photoprotection. In: Demmig-Adams B, III WWA, Mattoo AK (eds) Photoprotection, photoinhibition, gene regulation and environment. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 49–64
Aldea M, Frank TD, DeLucia EH (2006) A method for quantitative analysis of spatially variable physiological processes across leaf surfaces. Photosynth Res 90:161–172. ISSN 0166-8595
Allen JF, Mullineaux CW (2004) Probing the mechanism of state transitions in oxygenic photosynthesis by chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy, kinetics and imaging. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 447–461
Ashraf M, Nawazish S, Athar HUR (2007) Are chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic capacity potential physiological determinants of drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays L). Pak J Bot 39(4):1123–1132
Baker NR (2008) Chlorophyll fluorescence: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo. Annu Rev Plant Biol 59:89–113. ISSN 1543-5008
Baker NR, Rosenqvist E (2004) Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities. J Exp Bot 55:1607–1621
Baker NR, Oxborough K, Lawson T, Morison JIL (2001) High resolution imaging of photosynthetic activities of tissues, cells and chloroplasts in leaves. J Exp Bot 52:615–621
Baker NR, Harbinson J, Kramer DM (2007) Determining the limitations and regulation of photosynthetic energy transduction in leaves. Plant Cell Environ 30:1107–1125
Barbagallo RP, Oxborough K, Pallett KE, Baker NR (2003) Rapid noninvasive screening for perturbations of metabolism and plant growth using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Plant Physiol 132:485–493
Bauriegel E, Giebel A, Geyer M, Schmidt U, Herppich WB (2011) Early detection of Fusarium infection in wheat using hyper-spectral imaging. Comput Electron Agric 75:304–312
Berger S, Benediktyovâa Z, Matoués K, Bonfig K, Mueller MJ (2007) Visualization of dynamics of plant-pathogen interaction by novel combination of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and statistical analysis: differential effects of virulent and avirulent strains of P. syringae and of oxylipins on A. thaliana. J Exp Bot 58:797–806
Biswal B, Biswal UC (1999) Photosynthesis under stress: stress signals and adaptive response of chloroplasts. In: Pessarakli M (ed) Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker Inc., ISBN0-8247-1948-4, New York, pp 315–336
Buchanan BB, Balmer Y (2005) Redox regulation: a broadening horizon. Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:187–220
Calatayud A, Gorbe E, Roca D, Martinez PF (2008) Effect of two nutrient solution temperatures on nitrate uptake, nitrate reductase activity, NH4+ concentration and chlorophyll a fluorescence in rose plants. Environ Exp Bot 64(1):65–74
Chaerle L, Van Der Straeten D (2000) Imaging techniques and the early detection of plant stress. Trends Plant Sci 5:495–501. ISSN 1360-1385
Chaerle L, Van Der Straeten D (2001) Seeing is believing: imaging techniques to monitor plant health. Biochim Biophys Acta 1519:153–166. ISSN 0304-4165
Chaerle L, Leinonen I, Jones HG, Van Der Straeten D (2006) Monitoring and screening plant population with combined thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. J Exp Bot 58:773–784. ISSN 0022-0957
Chen CP, Frank TD, Long SP (2009) Is a short, sharp shock equivalent to long-term punishment? Contrasting the spatial pattern of acute and chronic ozone damage to soybean leaves via chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Plant Cell Environ 32:327–335. ISSN 0140-7791
Cornic G, Fresneau C (2002) Photosynthetic carbon reduction and oxidation cycles are the main electron sinks for photosystem II activity during a mild drought. Ann Bot 89:887–894. ISSN 0305-7364
Dai F, Zhou M-X, Zhang G-P (2007) The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in winter barley during recovery after freezing shock and as affected by cold acclimation and irradiance. Plant Physiol Biochem 45:915–921. ISSN 0981-9428
DeEll JR, Toivonen PMA (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence as a non-destructive indicator of broccoli quality during storage in modified atmosphere packaging. Hortscience 35:256–259. ISSN 0018-5345
Ehlert B, Hincha DK (2008) Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging accurately quantifies freezing damage and cold acclimation responses in Arabidopsis leaves. Plant Methods 4:12. ISSN 1746-4811
Fambrini M, Degl’innocenti E, Cionini G, Pugliesi C, Guidi L (2010) Mesophyll cell defective1, a mutation that disrupts leaf mesophyll differentiation in sunflower. Photosynthetica 48:135–142. ISSN 0300-3604
Farage PK, Blowers D, Long SP, Baker NR (2006) Low growth temperatures modify the efficiency of light use by photosystem II for CO2 assimilation in leaves of two chilling tolerant C4 species, Cyperus longus L. and Miscanthus × giganteus. Plant Cell Environ 29:720–728
Feng Y-L, Cao K-F (2005) Photosynthesis and photoinhibition after night chilling in seedlings of two tropical tree species grown under three irradiances. Photosynthetica 43:567–574. ISSN 0300-3604
Flexas J, Bota J, Escalona JM, Sampol B, Medrano H (2002) Effects of drought on photosynthesis in grapevines under field conditions: an evaluation of stomatal and mesophyll limitations. Funct Plant Biol 29:461–471. ISSN 1445-4408
Flexas J, Bota J, Loreto F, Cornic G, Sharkey TD (2004) Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biol 6:269–279. ISSN 1435-8603
Fryer MJ, Andrews JR, Oxborough K, Blowers DA, Baker NR (1998) Relationship between CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport and active O2 metabolism in leaves of maize in the field during periods of low temperature. Plant Physiol 116:571–580
Furbank RT, Von Caemmerer S, Sheehy J, Edwards G (2009) C4 rice: a challenge for plant phenomics. Funct Plant Biol 36:845–856
Gilmore AM, Govindjee (1999) How higher plants respond to excess light: energy dissipation in photosystem II. In: Singhal GS, Renger G, Irrgang KD, Govindjee SS (eds) Concepts in photobiology: photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 513–548. ISBN 0-7923-5519-9
Grassi G, Magnani F (2005) Stomatal, mesophyll conductance and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis as affected by drought and leaf ontogeny in ash and oak trees. Plant Cell Environ 28:834–849. ISSN 0140-7791
Guidi L, Degl’Innocenti E (2008) Ozone effects on high light-induced photoinhibition in Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Sci 174:590–596. ISSN 0306-4484
Hendrikson L, Furbank RT, Chow WS (2004) A simple alternative approach to assessing the fate of absorbed light energy using chlorophyll fluorescence. Photosynth Res 82:73–81
Hogewoning SW, Harbinson J (2007) Insights on the development, kinetics, and variation of photoinhibition using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of a chilled, variegated leaf. J Exp Bot 58:453–463. ISSN 0022-0957
Johnson G, Kiirats O, Edwards GE (2004) New fluorescence parameters for determination of QA redox state and excitation energy fluxes. Photosynth Res 79:209–218
Kangasjarvi J, Jaspers P, Kollist H (2005) Signalling and cell death in ozone-exposed plants. Plant Cell Environ 28:1021–1036. ISSN 0140-7791
Kramer DM, Avenson TJ, Kanazawa A, Cruz JA, Ivanov B, Edwards GE (2004) The relationship between photosynthetic electron transfer and its regulation. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 251–278
Krause GH, Jahns P (2004) Non-photochemical energy dissipation determined by chlorophyll fluorescence quenching: characterization and function. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 463–495
Laisk A, Eichelmann H, Oja V, Rasulov B, Ramma H (2006) Photosystem II cycle and alternative electron flow in leaves. Plant Cell Physiol 47:972–983
Lawson T, Oxborough K, Morison JIL, Baker NR (2002) Responses of photosynthetic electron transport in stomatal guard cells and mesophyll cells in intact leaves to light, CO2 and humidity. Plant Physiol 128:1–11
Leipner J, Oxborough K, Baker NR (2001) Primary sites of ozone-induced perturbations of photosynthesis in leaves: identification and characterization in Phaseolus vulgaris using high resolution chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. J Exp Bot 52:1689–1696
Li XP, Bjorkman O, Shih C, Grossman AR, Rosenqvist M (2000) A pigment-binding protein essential for regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting. Nature 403:391–395
Li XP, Muller-Moule P, Gilmore AM, Niyogi KK (2002) PsbS dependent enhancement of feedback de-excitation protects photosystem II from photoinhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:15222–15227
Li XP, Gilmore AM, Caffarri S, Bassi R, Golan T (2004) Regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting involves intrathylakoid lumen pH sensing by the PsbS protein. J Biol Chem 279:22866–22874
Long SP, Bernacchi CJ (2003) Gas exchange measurements, what can they tell us about underlying limitations to photosynthesis? Procedures and sources of error. J Exp Bot 54:2392–2401
Maxwell K, Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence: a practical guide. J Exp Bot 51:659–668. ISSN 0022-0957
Melis A (1999) Photosystem II damage and repair cycle in chloroplasts: what modulates the rate of photodamage in vivo? Trends Plant Sci 4:130–135
Meng Q, Siebke K, Lippert P, Baur B, Mukherjee U, Weis E (2001) Sink-source transition in tobacco leaves visualized using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. New Phytol 151:585–595
Meroni M, Rossini M, Guanter L, Alonso L, Rascher U, Colombo R, Moreno J (2009) Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: review of methods and applications. Remote Sens Environ 113:2037–2051
Miyake C, Shinzaki Y, Miyata M, Tomizawa K (2004) Enhancement of cyclic electron flow around PSI at high light and its contribution to the induction of nonphotochemical quenching of chl fluorescence in intact leaves of tobacco plants. Plant Cell Physiol 45:1426–1433
Morison JIL, Gallouet LT, Cornic G, Herbin R, Baker NR (2005) Lateral diffusion of CO2 in leaves is not sufficient to support photosynthesis. Plant Physiol 139:254–266
Nedbal L, Whitmarsh J (2004) Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of leaves and fruits. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 389–407
Nejad AR, Harbinson J, van Meeteren U (2006) Dynamics of spatial heterogeneity of stomatal closure in Tradescantia virginiana altered by growth at high relative humidity. J Exp Bot 57:3669–3678
Niyogi KK, Grossman AR, Bjorkman O (1998) Arabidopsis mutants define a central role for the xanthophyll cycle in the regulation of photosynthetic energy conversion. Plant Cell 10:1121–1134
Oxborough K (2004) Using chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging to monitor photosynthetic performance. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 409–428
Oxborough K, Hanlon ARM, Underwood GJC, Baker NR (2000) In vivo estimation of photosystem II photochemical efficiency of individual microphytobenthic cells using high-resolution imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Limnol Oceanogr 45:1420–1425
Pascal AA, Liu Z, Broess K, van Oort B, van Amerongen H (2005) Molecular basis of photoprotection and control of photosynthetic light-harvesting. Nature 436:134–137
Quilliam RS, Swarbrick PJ, Scholes JD, Rolfe SA (2006) Imaging photosynthesis in wounded leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 57:55–69. ISSN 0022-0957
Scharte J, Schon H, Weis E (2005) Photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in tobacco leaves during an incompatible interaction with Phytophthora nicotianae. Plan Cell Environ 28:1421–1435. ISSN 1365-3040
Schreiber U (2004) Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: an overview. In: Papageorgiou GC, Govindjee (eds) Chlorophyll a fluorescence: a signature of photosynthesis. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 279–319
Swarbrick PJ, Schulze-Lefert P, Scholes JD (2006) The metabolic consequence of susceptibility and the activation of race-specific or broad-spectrum resistance pathways in barley leaves challenged with the powdery mildew fungus. Plant Cell Environ 29(6):1061–1076
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Adak, M.K. (2018). Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Reliable Technique in Determination of Stress on Plants. In: Sengar, R., Singh, A. (eds) Eco-friendly Agro-biological Techniques for Enhancing Crop Productivity. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6934-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6934-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6933-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-6934-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)