Abstract
Treaty interpretation is subject to certain theoretical and practical boundaries. This chapter discusses various approaches and schools of treaty interpretation to explain the theoretical boundary. It also explains the internal boundaries (i.e. the constraints imposed by the interpreted treaty) and the external boundaries (i.e. the constraints arising from certain external factors) for treaty interpretation.
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Notes
- 1.
For the discussions of the schools of treaty interpretation, see International Judicial Monitor. Treaty Interpretation. http://www.judicialmonitor.org/archive_0906/generalprinciples.html. Accessed 8 Aug 2017. See also Baofu (2010), p. 148.
- 2.
Tumonis (2012), p. 114.
- 3.
Fellmeth and Horwitz (published on line, 2011) Guide to Latin in International Law. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195369380.001.0001/acref-9780195369380-e-1303. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 4.
Id. https://www.google.com.tw/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&ie=UTF-8&rct=j#q=lex+posterior+derogat+legi+priori+oxford+reference&*. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 5.
- 6.
Id. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104822397. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 7.
Id. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195369380.001.0001/acref-9780195369380-e-910. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 8.
Id. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195369380.001.0001/acref-9780195369380-e-731. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 9.
Aust et al. (2014), pp. 80–81.
- 10.
United States, Negotiations on Improvements and Clarifications of the Dispute Settlement Understanding—Further Contribution of the United states on Improving Flexibility and Member Control in WTO Dispute Settlement, Addendum. The document can be found at https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/asset_upload_file777_10410.pdf. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 11.
Kmiec (2004), pp. 1445–1446.
- 12.
Arthur Schlesinger Jr.’s paragraph is quoted from id. at pp. 1446–447.
- 13.
Id. at pp. 1442–1443.
- 14.
Dernbach and Prokopchak (2015), p. 343.
- 15.
Allan (2015), p. 74.
- 16.
Zeroing is a calculation method to decide whether there is a dumping margin (home price minus export price) so as to further decide the imposition of an anti-dumping duty. The United States anti-dumping authority aggregated the results of each margin of each sub-product category of the product under investigation, but to delete the negative margins so that they will not offset the positive margins so as to come up with a higher average margin.
- 17.
See the discussions in Cho (4 May 2006).
- 18.
Legal Information Institute of Cornell University Law School. Stare Decisis. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/stare_decisis. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 19.
USLegal. Jurisprudence Constante Law and Legal Definition. https://definitions.uslegal.com/j/jurisprudence-constante/. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 20.
AES Corp. v. Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No.ARB/02/17, Decision on Jurisdiction, para. 30 (26 Apr 2005), http://www.italaw.com/documents/AES-Argentina-Jurisdiction_002.pdf.
- 21.
World Trade Organization. Legal Effect of Panel and Appellate Body Reports and DSB Recommendations and Rulings. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/disp_settlement_cbt_e/c7s2p1_e.htm. Accessed 8 Aug 2017.
- 22.
Id. at Note 1 (citing Appellate Body Report, United States—Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products—Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Malaysia, para. 109, WTO Doc. WT/DS58/AB/RW (adopted 21 Nov 2001).
- 23.
Id. at Note 2 (quoting Appellate Body Report, Japan—Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, pp. 107–108, WTO Doc. WT/DS8/AB/R, WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R (adopted 1 Nov 1996).
- 24.
International Court of Justice (1952), p. 93. See also Fitzmaurice (1955–1956), p. 84.
- 25.
Emilio Agustín Maffezini v. The Kingdom of Spain, ICSID Case No. ARB/97/7, Award, paras. 44–45 (25 Jan 2000), http://www.italaw.com/documents/Maffezini-Jurisdiction-English_001.pdf.
- 26.
Gorbylev (2013), p. 351.
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Lo, Cf. (2017). Boundary of Treaty Interpretation and the Possible Codification. In: Treaty Interpretation Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6866-9_5
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