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PAHs and NPAHs in Airborne Particulate Matter: Initial Formation and Atmospheric Transformations

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract

In this chapter, the formation of early benzene and naphthalene rings is first discussed in the context of soot formation. While the hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition (HACA) pathway is the most commonly accepted pathway, studies have shown that it is insufficient to account for the rapid formation of larger PAHs and soot, and so other mechanisms for PAH formation are discussed. Once the initial PAHs are formed, they can undergo further transformation, for example, forming nitrated (NPAHs) or oxygenated analogues. The formation of NPAHs can occur through three routes: formation through combustion processes (primary production), through the transformation of PAHs in the atmosphere (secondary processes) or through gas-particle heterogeneous transformations. Through these processes various isomers of nitrated PAH analogues, such as nitropyrene and nitrofluoranthene, can be formed. The specific isomers that are formed are characteristic of certain types of formation processes and therefore are useful in determining the source origins of NPAHs.

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  1. The Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Edward Gou Nagato

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  1. Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan

    Kazuichi Hayakawa

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Nagato, E.G. (2018). PAHs and NPAHs in Airborne Particulate Matter: Initial Formation and Atmospheric Transformations. In: Hayakawa, K. (eds) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6775-4_2

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