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The Evolution and Preservation of the Old City of Lhasa pp 1–30Cite as

Genesis

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Abstract

The years working and living in Lhasa in the 1940s left Shen Zonglian and Liu Shengqi lots of fond memories. In their coauthored book Tibet and Tibetans, they wrote: Just as a Tibetan friend told us: Everyone, who had been to Lhasa, would spend the rest of life missing it. We can confirm the veracity of this statement.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Shen and Liu (2006, p. 201).

  2. 2.

    Lhasa’s Achievement of Historic Relics Conservation over the Six Decades, Lhasa Municipal Government Online: http://www.lasa.gov.cn, 2011.7.1.

  3. 3.

    These four names were transliteration of Tibetan place names—in Tibetan language, Tromsikkhang stands for the streets where one can see tall buildings; Barkor Circuit means the Mid-ring circumambulation surrounding Jokhang Temple; Kyire means Baked Cow Hide; Gyabumkhang means place where Master Tsongkhapa’s statue is worshiped.

  4. 4.

    The lenghth of Linkor and the count of Prayer Circuits vary in different stages of history; right now, there are different views regarding the borders of Lingkor, the boundary used here is not the largest.

  5. 5.

    Chen and Gao (ed.) (2003).

  6. 6.

    Compilation Committee of Lhasa Local Chronicles (2007).

  7. 7.

    Pawo Tsuklak Trengwa (1981).

  8. 8.

    Pasang (2009).

  9. 9.

    Shi (2007).

  10. 10.

    Chen and Gao (ed.) (2003, p. 183), Fifth Dalai Lama (2000, p. 71).

  11. 11.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, p. 572).

  12. 12.

    Fifth Dalai Lama (2000, p. 73.)

  13. 13.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, p. 698), Tsering (1988).

  14. 14.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, p. 29).

  15. 15.

    Chonglan (1994, pp. 125–126).

  16. 16.

    Chonglan (1994, pp. 141–146).

  17. 17.

    Compilation Committee of Lhasa Local Chronicles (2007, p. 709).

  18. 18.

    Tsering (1988).

  19. 19.

    Zhou (2006).

  20. 20.

    Tsering (1988).

  21. 21.

    Feng (2006).

    • Compilation Committee of Lhasa Local Chronicles (2007, pp. 430–431).

    • Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, p. 1129).

  22. 22.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, p. 3).

  23. 23.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010), p. 352.

  24. 24.

    Chodron (2010).

  25. 25.

    Chonglan (1994).

  26. 26.

    Chonglan (1994, p. 149).

  27. 27.

    Chonglan (1994, p. 151).

  28. 28.

    Yin (2009).

  29. 29.

    Évariste Régis Huc (2006).

  30. 30.

    (British) French (2000, pp. 277–278).

  31. 31.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, p. 353).

  32. 32.

    Zhu (1934). Excerpted from Zhang (2011).

  33. 33.

    Charpa Tsiten Puntsog et al. (2008, pp. 987–991).

    • Spengler and Guilong (2008, pp. 28–29).

    • He (2013).

  34. 34.

    Wang and Chen (1998, p. 179).

  35. 35.

    Néel (Franch) (1997, p. 297).

  36. 36.

    Liu (2012a).

  37. 37.

    Huang (1936). Excerpted from Zhou (2006).

  38. 38.

    Su (1999).

  39. 39.

    Zhou (2006). Note: According to the original literature, Dabolin was included as one of the Four Lins, which was later changed to Xide Ling.

  40. 40.

    Li (2000, p. 209). Originally from Zhou (2006).

  41. 41.

    He and Zhao (2003).

  42. 42.

    He and Zhao (2013).

  43. 43.

    Zhang (2011).

  44. 44.

    Jiqiao System was established during the period of the 13th Dalai Lama Period. It was first implemented in the trade ports, commerce centers and was designed to be an administration unit superior to Zong and Xi. It is headed by Kalön Tripa and officials with Rank Four and Above. During Republic of China Era, in Tibet, there were nine Jiqiao—Lhasa, Xigaze, Ali, Gyangze, Yadong (Zhuomu), etc. Zong system was first introduced in Ming Dynasty, and is equivalent to Xi, or Xian, translated as County. Generally speaking, the jurisdiction of Zong is larger than Xi; the top officials of Zong and Xi are Zongben and Xidui. During Republic of China era, Zong was subordinate to Jiqiao.

  45. 45.

    He (2013).

  46. 46.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, pp. 30–31).

  47. 47.

    Tseten and Gyaincain (2002, p. 554).

  48. 48.

    The State Council Information Office of the PRC (2001).

  49. 49.

    Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region (chief ed.) and Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet (ed.) (2010, pp. 227–228).

  50. 50.

    Liu (2012b).

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  1. Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

    Qing Li

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Li, Q. (2018). Genesis. In: The Evolution and Preservation of the Old City of Lhasa. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6735-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6735-8_1

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