Abstract
This paper presents a well-documented strut-free excavation case with diaphragm walls, buttress walls, and partial floor slabs as the strut-free retaining system. The final excavation level was 9.2 m, covering an area about 17340 m2. Because of its large excavation geometry, this project utilized the strut-free retaining system to reduce the construction cost and period. The soil layers above the final excavation level are dominated by the soft to medium clay layer (SPT = 2–7) and the loose silty sand layer (SPT = 2–6). According to the interpretation of field monitoring results, the following significant findings were drawn, such as (1) the measured maximum wall deflection was similar compared with strutted excavation case histories in the Taipei area. The maximum wall deflections to final excavation level ratio (δhmax/He) were between 0.27 and 0.55; (2) at the long-side of diaphragm wall, the pattern of the wall deflections is a cantilever shape with a translational movement at the wall toe and the location of maximum wall deflection was near the top of the wall; (3) at the short-side of diaphragm wall, the pattern of the wall deflections when reaching the final excavation level was a curvature shape and the location of maximum wall deflection was slightly lower than the final excavation level; (4) The maximum ground surface settlements to final excavation level ratio were below δvmax/He = 0.3%. Although it was quite small, the ground surface settlements extend to the significant distance behind the diaphragm wall; (5) the strut-free retaining system was proven successful to retain soil during excavation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chuah, S.S., Tan, S.A.: Numerical study on a new strut-free counterfort embedded wall in Singapore. In: Earth Retention Conference, pp. 740–747 (2010)
Clough, G.W., O’Rourke, T.D.: Construction induced movement of in-situ walls. Geotechnical Special Publication: Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures (GSP 25), pp. 439–470. ASCE, Reston (1990)
Hashash, Y., Osouli, A., Marulanda, C.: Central artery/tunnel project excavation induced ground deformations. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1399–1406 (2008). doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:9(1399)
Hsieh, P.G., Ou, C.Y.: Shape and ground surface settlement profiles caused by excavation. Can. Geotech. J. 35(6), 1004–1017 (1998)
Hsieh, P.G., Ou, C.Y., Lin, Y.K., Lu, F.C.: Lesson learned in design of an excavation with the installation of buttress walls. J. GeoEngin. 10(2), 63–73 (2015)
Hsieh, P.G., Ou, C.Y., Hsieh, W.H.: Efficiency of excavations with buttress walls in reducing the deflection of the diaphragm wall. Acta Geotech. 11(5), 1087–1102 (2016)
Hsieh, H.S., Huang, Y.H., Hsu, W.T., Ge, L.: On the system stiffness of deep excavation in soft clay. J. GeoEngin. 12(1), 21–34 (2017)
Lim, A., Hsieh, P.G., Ou, C.Y.: Evaluation of buttress wall shapes to limit movements induced by deep excavation. Comput. Geotech. 78, 155–170 (2016)
Lin, D.G., Woo, S.M.: Three dimensional analyses of deep excavation in Taipei 101 construction project. J. GeoEngin. 2(1), 29–41 (2007)
Ou, C.Y., Hsieh, P.G., Chiou, D.C.: Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation. Can. Geotech. J. 30, 758–767 (1993)
Ou, C.Y., Chiou, D.C., Wu, T.S.: Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavations. J. Geotech. Eng. 122(5), 337–345 (1996)
Ou, C.Y., Teng, F.C., Seed, R.B., Wang, I.W.: Using buttress walls to reduce excavation-induced movements. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 161(GE4), 209–222 (2008)
Peck, R.B.: Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground: state-of-the-art-report. In: Proceeding of 7th International Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSMGE), pp. 225–281 (1969)
Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan via grant number MOST103-2221-E-011-070-MY3. The authors would like to thank Sino Geotechnology, Inc. for the provision of detailed geotechnical information on the case study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and Zhejiang University Press
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lim, A., Ou, CY. (2018). Case Record of a Strut-free Excavation with Buttress Walls in Soft Soil. In: Chen, R., Zheng, G., Ou, C. (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Asia Urban GeoEngineering. Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6632-0_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6632-0_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-6631-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-6632-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)