Abstract
There is a need to find reliable and accurate HF operating frequencies because of the uncertainty and variability of the ionospheric region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to observe and analyze the HF operating frequencies in Peninsular Malaysia. Comparison of HF operating frequency performances was undertaken using ASAPS and ICEPAC prediction software. This study was carried out in Peninsular Malaysia, located in the equatorial region, and at the beginning of solar cycle 24, namely from April to December of 2009. The HF operating frequencies included the maximum usable frequency (MUF) and the operating working frequency (OWF), and were based on hourly monthly median values. Results of the comparison carried out show that MUF and OWF of ASAPS slightly overestimated measurement of MUF and OWF by about 11 and 12% respectively. In contrast, MUF ICEPAC highly underestimated MUF measurement by about 39%. However, OWF ICEPAC slightly overestimated MUF measurement by about 16%. This indicates that the MUF and OWF measurements of HF operating frequencies in the Malaysian region are aligned with the MUF and OWF from the prediction software, particularly the OWF. This study also confirms that HF operating frequencies can be predicted. This study can be used to provide data and assist HF researchers in modeling MUF models for predicting HF operating frequencies in the Malaysian region.
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Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the Communication Branch, Instrumentation & Electronics Technology Division, Science & Technology Research Institute for Defence (STRIDE), Ministry of Defence, Malaysia for providing the experimental data. Gratitude is also extended to ANGKASA for supporting the research under the FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/4 Grant.
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Malik, R.A., Abdullah, M., Abdullah, S., Homam, M.J. (2018). Comparison of Measured and Predicted HF Operating Frequencies During Low Solar Activity. In: Suparta, W., Abdullah, M., Ismail, M. (eds) Space Science and Communication for Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6574-3_7
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