Skip to main content

USA–China Containment and Counter-Containment in Southeast Asia: The ‘Battle’ for Myanmar (Burma)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Destined Statecraft
  • 566 Accesses

Abstract

In 2011, the United States of America (USA) adopted the ‘pivot to Asia’ (also known as ‘return to Asia’) foreign policy. In order to provide a critique of this policy change, this chapter has two aims. First, it will contextualize such policy agenda against the Anglo-American strategic culture of ‘containment’ as a strand of geopolitical realism and a foreign policy practice against communism . Second, by providing a case study on the changing relations between the Union of Myanmar (Burma) , the People’s Republic of China and the USA, it will characterize US containment and China’s counter-containment strategies through the lens of Sun Tzu’s Art of War.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    As Myanmar is also known as Burma, both names are used interchangeably in this book.

  2. 2.

    Sources: (1) ‘Aung San Suu Kyi: China and U.S. Should not Use Burma as “Battlefield”.’ The China Times. 1 June 2012. (2) ‘Suu Kyi Asks U.S., China not to Squabble over Myanmar.’ Deutsche Welle. 1 June 2012. (3) ‘Burma Should not be Battleground for U.S. and China: Aung San Suu Kyi.’ The Lahore Times. 1 June 2012.

  3. 3.

    Source: “Myanmar Backs Down, Suspending Dam Project.” The New York Times. 30 September 2011.

  4. 4.

    Source: “Military Buildup Sparks Fears; U.S. Stirring Wrong Hornet’s Nest.” Russia Today TV, 4 June 2012.

References

  • Amin, S. (2006). Beyond U.S. hegemony? Assessing the prospects for a multipolar world (P. Camiller, Trans.). Beirut, Lebanon: World Book Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H.-C. 張. (Ed.). (2011). Suntzu’s Arts of War in Pictorial Explanations (圖解孫子兵法)(In Chinese). Taiwan: Han Shian Culture Publishing Co., Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, J. Y. S. (1999). China’s ASEAN policy in the 1990s: Pushing for regional multipolarity. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 21(2), 176–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairgrieve, J. (1948). Geography and world power. London: University of London Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, F. (1992). The end of history and the last man. London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaddis, J. L. (1982). Strategies of containment: A critical appraisal of postwar american national security policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagliardi, G. (2004). The art of war on terror. Seattle, USA: Clearbridge Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handle, M. (1991). Suntzu and Clausewitz: The art of war and on war compared. Professional Readings in Military Strategy No. 2. Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: Army War College Strategic Studies Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haushofer, K. (2002[1924]). An english translation and analysis of major general Karl Ernest Haushofer’s geopolitics of the Pacific Ocean: Studies on the relationship between geography and history [Geopolitik des Pazifischen Ozeans]. Edited and Updated by Lewis A. Tambs (E. J. Brehm, Trans.). Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntington, S. P. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwong, R. (2012). New US military strategy largely focuses on China. EJ Insights, 12 January 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, N. (2010). Suntzu explanatory notes (In Chinese). Hong Kong: Chunghwa Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luttwak, E. (1984). The pentagon and the art of war: The question of military reform. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackinder, H. J. (1962 [1919]). Democratic ideals and reality. With additional papers. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackinder, H. J. (1969). The scope and methods of geography and the geographical pivot of history, ( Reprinted with an Introduction by E. W. Gilbert, London: The Royal Geographical Society).

    Google Scholar 

  • Macmillan, M. (2007). Nixon and Mao: The week that changed the world. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao, Z. (1971[1967]). The selected works of Mao Zedong (In Chinese). Beijing: Renmin Chuban She.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercur, J. (1894). Elements of the art of war. Prepared for the use of the cadets of the united states military academy. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Office of the Director of National Intelligence, T. (2009). The national intelligence strategy of the United States of America. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, A. J. (1962). Introduction. In H. J. Mackinder (Ed.), Democratic ideas and reality. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiao, L., & Wang, X. (2007). Unrestricted warfare: China’s master plan to destroy America. Dehradun: Natraj Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramo, J. C. (2004). The Beijing consensus: Notes on the new physics of Chinese power. London: The Foreign Policy Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sempa, F. P. (2007). Introduction to the transaction Edition. In N. Spykman (Ed.), America’s strategy in world politics: The United States and the balance of power. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spykman, N. (1969). The geography of peace. U.S.A.: Archon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spykman, N. J. (2007). America’s strategy in world politics: The United States and the balance of power. With a new introduction by Frances P. Sempa. London: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vital, D. (1967). The inequality of states: A study of the small power in international relations. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Clausewitz, C. (1993). On war. London: Everyman’s Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, E. A. (1951). Total empire: The roots and progress of world communism. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigert, H. W., Brodie, H., Doherty, E. W., Fernstrom, J. R., Fischer, E., & Kirk, D. (1957). Principles of political geography. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N. (2009). In search of the state-in-society: Re-Conceiving Philippine political development, 1946–2002. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N. (2011). 以「袁崇煥戰略」破美圍堵 (May Take Yuan Chonghuan’s Strategy to Breakthrough U.S. Containment) (In Chinese). 信報 Hong Kong Economic Journal, 6, A25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N. (2012a). Discerning an African post-colonial Imbroglio: Colonialism, underdevelopment and violent conflicts in D. R. Congo, Liberia and Sierra Leone. African and Asian Studies, 11(1–2), 66–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N. (2012b). New U.S. Military strategy is capable of controlling the essentials of China’s development [美新戰略擬控制中國發展命脈] (In Chinese). Hong Kong Economic Journal (信報), 12 January 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N. (2012c). Sino-Myanmar relations after Myanmar’s by-election [緬甸補選後的中緬關係] (In Chinese). Hong Kong Economic Journal (信報), 30 April 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N. (2013). Post-Colonial statecraft in South East Asia: Sovereignty, state building and the Chinese in the Philippines. London and New York: I. B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, P. N., & Yue, W. K. R. (2011, 24 November 2011). China may take the “detouring” strategy to deconstruct U.S. containment [中國「以迂為直」拆解美國圍堵] (In Chinese). Hong Kong Economic Journal (信報), p. A26,

    Google Scholar 

  • Yue, W. K. R., & Wong, P. N. (2012). Universalization of Chinese Yuan constitutes Sino-U.S. ‘Structural Dilemma’ [人幣普及化是中美「結構性矛盾」所在]. Hong Kong Economic Journal (信報), 31 January 2012.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pak Nung Wong .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wong, P. (2018). USA–China Containment and Counter-Containment in Southeast Asia: The ‘Battle’ for Myanmar (Burma). In: Destined Statecraft. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6563-7_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics