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Musicality of Human Brain through Fractal Analytics pp 49–72Cite as

Emotions from Hindustani Classical Music: An EEG based study including Neural Hysteresis

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Part of the book series: Signals and Communication Technology ((SCT))

Abstract

This chapter deals with the brain responses to the emotional attributes of Hindustani Classical Music that have been long been a source of discussion for musicologists and psychologists. Here, we make use of robust scientific techniques, which are capable of looking into the most intricate dynamics of the complex EEG signal, to decipher how the human brain responds to different ragas of Hindustani Classical Music. Two pair of commonly sung ragas—Chayanat/ Darbari Kanada and Bahar/ Mian ki Malhar, portraying contrast emotions have been taken for this study standardized first by listening test data from a large pool of participants. These ragas were then given as an input to naïve listeners while their EEG data were recorded simultaneously. The complex fluctuations in a number of EEG frequency patterns arising from different lobes of the brain were analyzed with the help of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) technique, which is capable of measuring long range temporal correlations (LRTC) present in EEG signals. Hence Fractal Dimension (FD) was evaluated for each of the musical clip which we proposed as a marker for brain arousal levels corresponding to each emotion. To look further, a hysteresis like phenomenon was also observed whereby the increased FD values did not return to their basal values even after the removal of stimulus. It was seen that arousal based activities lasted much longer for sad clips as compared to the happy clip. The hysteresis like response was ratified using a number of statistical significance tests. Neural Hysteresis in music signals is first reported in this study.

Memory believes before knowing remembers.

Believes longer than recollects,

longer than knowing even wonders

—William Faulkner

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Physica A and Elsevier Publishing Co. for providing the copyrights of Figs. 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8 and Tables 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 used in this Chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Dipak Ghosh

  2. Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Ranjan Sengupta

  3. Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Shankha Sanyal

  4. Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Archi Banerjee

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  1. Dipak Ghosh
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Ghosh, D., Sengupta, R., Sanyal, S., Banerjee, A. (2018). Emotions from Hindustani Classical Music: An EEG based study including Neural Hysteresis. In: Musicality of Human Brain through Fractal Analytics. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6511-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6511-8_3

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