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Making Way in Corpus-based Interpreting Studies pp 1–19Cite as

Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: Past, Present and Future Developments of a (Wired) Cottage Industry

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Abstract

Drawing on Miriam Shlesinger’s seminal paper on the creation and use of corpora in Interpreting Studies research, which she referred to as an offshoot of corpus-based translation studies (CTS) (Shlesinger 1998), and on Setton’s chapter presenting an overview and prospects of Corpus-based Interpreting Studies (CIS) (Setton 2011), this chapter takes stock of nearly two decades of CIS and looks at the extent to which this offshoot has flourished in three areas of interpreting, namely research, education, and professional practice. Although considerable progress has been made in dealing with many of the challenges involved in corpus development, each area has reached a different degree of maturity with respect to CIS. Corpora are increasingly used in research, not only to look at simultaneous conference interpreting, but also to investigate other modes and settings, including consecutive interpreting and dialogue interpreting. This applies to both electronic, machine-readable corpora and more traditional datasets that are analyzed manually. On the other hand, their exploitation in interpreter education is still limited, while professional practice has yet to discover the potential of corpora. A better understanding of the reasons behind these discrepancies may be helpful to inform future directions of CIS and narrow the gap between research and (educational and professional) practice. Finally, the features of Web 2.0 are considered in order to discuss possible solutions to some of the methodological obstacles in the creation and use of interpreting corpora.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The official name of the workshop is “Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: The State of the Art. First Forlì International Workshop”. It was held on 7–8 May 2015 and gathered almost 100 participants. See http://eventi.dipintra.it/cis1/ for further details on the rationale of the event and the program.

  2. 2.

    Different strategies can now be adopted to anonymize video data, e.g. blurring, pixelating, adding a bar mask over the eyes, altering the color settings to obtain a negative picture visualization, masking identity through avatars that replicate the same facial expressions, but these processes are demanding in terms of time and resources, and they may also alter the data considerably (see Corti et al. 2014, p. 122–124; Gellerman 2016). Licoppe and Veyrier (2016) simply use the “edge detection effect” available in Movie Maker to alter color patterns and anonymize data from remote court interpreting videos (Veyrier, personal communication).

  3. 3.

    This is not to undervalue the role of small and specialized corpora (see Ghadessy et al. 2001).

  4. 4.

    This applies not only to CIS but more generally to spoken corpora (Schmidt 2014).

  5. 5.

    Only the indexed, POS-tagged, and lemmatized transcripts of this corpus can be queried online, but the entire corpus, including the text files of individual transcripts, the video files of source speeches and the audio files of target speeches can be obtained from the European Language Resources Association (ELRA).

  6. 6.

    See https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/sr/ (accessed 7 October 2016).

  7. 7.

    See http://www.staff.uni-mainz.de/fantinuo/translatorbank.html and http://www.interpretbank.com/ (accessed 23 October 2016).

  8. 8.

    See http://www.speechpool.net/en (accessed 23 October 2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Management and Economics, Department of Economic and Social Studies, Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turin, Corso Unione Sovietica 218/bis, 10134, Torino, Italy

    Claudio Bendazzoli

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Interpreting and Translation, University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy

    Mariachiara Russo

  2. Department of Economic and Social Studies, Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy

    Claudio Bendazzoli

  3. Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Bart Defrancq

Appendix

Appendix

The following table lists the CIS projects considered in the present chapter in addition to the works included in the overview by Setton (2011) and those presented at the conference Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: The State of the Art. First Forlì International Workshop, which was held at the University of Bologna (Forlì campus) on 7–8 May 2015 (see http://eventi.dipintra.it/cis1/):

Language Resource/Reference

Languags

Setting/Communicative situation

Interpreting mode

Subjects

Length

Transcription published or available

Sound files availability

Analysis

Leung and Yip (2013)

EN > < ZH

Interpreter training classes

 

9 trainees

 

Online web interface

http://arts.hkbu.edu.hk/~engester/main.html

 

Taehyung (2011)

EN > KO

Academy awards ceremony (TV)

SI and live captions

   

TV viewers’ preference for SI vs. live captions

CEIPPC

(Wang 2012a)

ZH > EN

Premier press conferences (TV)

CI

5 pros (5 conferences)

71,730 words

Video rec. not yet available to other scholars

Shifts in TT (addition, reduction, correction)

CEIPPC

(Wang 2012b)

ZH > EN

Premier press conferences (TV)

CI

7 pros (8 conferences)

Over 100,000 words

ParaConc, same as above

Same as above

Court interpreting corpus (Biagini 2012)

FR <>IT

Italian courtrooms (Turin and Pisa)

CI

6 interpreters

7 hearings (approx.. 9 h)

Manual analysis (CA approach)

 

CECIC

(Hu and Tao 2013; Hu 2016, p. 197–221)

ZH > EN

ZH > EN

EN

-Premier press conferences (TV)

-Government’s written reports (web)

-CNN press conferences (web)

CI

Translation

(org-en)

Parallel and Comparable corpus

544,211 (int TT 96,205 from 133,431 ST)

POS-tagged (Treetagger and ICTCLAS 3.0)

Features of EN TT, hedging (some), delexical verbs (make)

Raquel Lázaro Gutiérrez, María del Mar Sánchez Ramos (2015)

ES

Written texts + video transcripts (simulated and real conversations) on gender violence

pedagogical tool for public service interpreting training

  

xml tagging; to be used with different tools

Pragmatic content in gender violence genre. Pedagogical purposes

Consecutive interpreting notes corpus (Kellet Bidoli 2016; Vardè 2014)

IT > EN

EN > IT

Experimental

CI

5 beginners + 5 advanced students + 5 trainers

60 target speeches + notes

Livescribe smartpen

Problems and strategies in reception stage

Fu (2016)

ZH > EN

Chinese premier press conferences + reports 2008–2012

CI/SI

Translation

pros

2 h

WordSmith

Modality

SINC, student interpreter narrative corpus (Voinova and Ordan 2016)

HE

Weekly reports + end of year assignments

NA

73 student interpreters

288,000 words

Sketch Engine compatible format

Narratives by students attending community interpreting course

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Bendazzoli, C. (2018). Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: Past, Present and Future Developments of a (Wired) Cottage Industry. In: Russo, M., Bendazzoli, C., Defrancq, B. (eds) Making Way in Corpus-based Interpreting Studies . New Frontiers in Translation Studies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6199-8_1

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