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Double-Membrane-Bounded Organelles: Recent Findings Regarding Division, Inheritance, Structure, and Evolution of the Nucleus, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts

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Cyanidioschyzon merolae

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Abstract

The nucleus of Cyanidioschyzon merolae has quite a limited set of components. The core and linker histones, H2A.Z, and a centromeric histone variant CenH3 are preserved, but H2A variants including H2A.X, H2A.M, and H2A.W are absent. Some proteins of the nuclear pore complex and nucleoli are also preserved, but almost all homologs of nuclear lamina and nuclear envelope proteins are lacking. The chloroplast of this species is divided by a ring, which is composed of two inner rings, the FtsZ ring and inner plastid-dividing (PD) ring, and two outer rings, the outer PD ring and dynamin ring. Identification of the PD ring components in C. merolae enabled us to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PD machinery. For example, a glycosyltransferase protein, plastid-dividing ring 1, acts in establishing the PD ring by forming ring-shaped polyglucan filaments. The division of mitochondria is performed by the mitochondrion-dividing (MD), FtsZ, and dynamin rings. Mda1 functions as a mediator for stably linking a dynamin. In addition, an FtsZ-associated protein, ZED, is involved in completing the inner rings of the MD machinery. Analyses of the mechanisms of mitochondrial and chloroplast division in C. merolae contribute to our understanding of the endosymbiotic process of double-membrane-bounded organelles.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a Human Frontier Science Program Long Term Fellowship (No. LT000356/2011-L) to Y.Y. and a grant for XFEL key technology and the X-ray Free Electron Laser Priority Strategy Program from MEXT to Sa.M. (Tokyo University of Science), MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI No. JP26291067 and JP15H05962 to Sa.M. (Tokyo University of Science), and JP15K18562 to Sh.M. (Tohoku University).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Single Cell Gene Dynamics, Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan

    Yamato Yoshida

  2. Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan

    Yuki Sakamoto

  3. Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan

    Katsuya Iwasaki & Sachihiro Matsunaga

  4. Department of Environmental Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan

    Shinichiro Maruyama

Authors
  1. Yamato Yoshida
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  2. Yuki Sakamoto
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  3. Katsuya Iwasaki
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  4. Shinichiro Maruyama
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  5. Sachihiro Matsunaga
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Correspondence to Sachihiro Matsunaga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan

    Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa

  2. Department of Cell Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

    Shinya Miyagishima

  3. Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan

    Sachihiro Matsunaga

  4. Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Naoki Sato

  5. Department of Biological Sciences Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Hisayoshi Nozaki

  6. Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan

    Kan Tanaka

  7. Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan

    Osami Misumi

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Yoshida, Y., Sakamoto, Y., Iwasaki, K., Maruyama, S., Matsunaga, S. (2017). Double-Membrane-Bounded Organelles: Recent Findings Regarding Division, Inheritance, Structure, and Evolution of the Nucleus, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts. In: Kuroiwa, T., et al. Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6101-1_14

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