Abstract
Basic methods for NMR analysis of RNA are presented for researchers who recently joined or want to join this field. This chapter includes design of RNA sequences, sample preparation, NMR measurements and analysis as well as structure calculation. Some examples are also shown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Varani, G., Aboul-ela, F., Allain, F.H.-T.: NMR investigation of RNA structure. Prog. NMR Spectrosc. 29, 51–127 (1996)
Fürtig, B., Richter, C., Wöhnert, J., Schwalbe, H.: NMR spectroscopy of RNA. ChemBioChem 4, 936–962 (2003)
Sato, K., Hamada, M., Asai, K., Mituyama, T.: CentroidFold: a web server for RNA secondary structure prediction. Nucleic Acids Res. 37, W277–W280 (2009)
Dawson, W., Fujiwara, K., Kawai, G.: Prediction of RNA pseudoknots using heuristic modeling with mapping and sequential folding. PLoS ONE 2, 905 (2007)
Baba, S., Takahashi, K., Noguchi, S., Takaku, H., Koyanagi, Y., Yamamoto, N., Kawai, G.: Solution RNA structures of the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site in the kissing-loop and extended-duplex dimers. J. Biochem. 138, 583–592 (2005)
Milligan, J.F., Groebe, D.R., Witherell, W.G., Uhlenbeck, O.C.: Oligoribonucleotide synthesis using T7 RNA polymerase and synthetic DNA templates. Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 8783–8798 (1987)
Ferré-D’Amaré, A.R., Doudna, J.A.: Use of cis- and trans-ribozymes to remove 5′ and 3′ heterogeneities from milligrams of in vitro transcribed RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 977–978 (1996)
Ohtsuki, T., Kawai, G., Watanabe, Y., Kita, K., Nishikawa, K., Watanabe, K.: Preparation of biologically active Ascaris suum mitochondrial tRNAMet with a TV-replacement loop by ligation of chemically synthesized RNA fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 24, 662–667 (1996)
Ohtsuki, T., Kawai, G., Watanabe, Y.: The minimal tRNA: unique structure of Ascaris suum mitochondrial tRNA SerUCU having a short T arm and lacking the entire D arm. FEBS Let. 514, 37–43 (2002)
Someya, T., Ando, A., Kimoto, M., Hirao, I.: Site-specific labelling of RNA by combining genetic alphabet expansion transcription and copper-free click chemistry. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, 6665–6676 (2015)
Xu, J., Lapham, J., Crothers, D.M.: Determining RNA solution structure by segmental isotopic labelling and NMR: application to Caenorhabditis elegans spliced leader RNA 1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 44–48 (1996)
Kim, I., Lukavsky, P.J., Puglisi, J.D.: NMR study of 100 kDa HCV IRES RNA using segmental isotope labelling. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 9338–9339 (2002)
Tzakos, A.G., Easton, L.E., Lukavsky, P.J.: Complementary segmental labelling of large RNAs: economic preparation and simplified NMR spectra for measurement of more RDCs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 13344–13345 (2006)
Kawahara, I., Haruta, K., Ashihara, Y., Yamanaka, D., Kuriyama, M., Toki, N., Kondo, Y., Teruya, K., Ishikawa, J., Furuta, H., Ikawa, Y., Kojima, C., Tanaka, Y.: Site-specific isotope labelling of long RNA for structural and mechanistic studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 40, e7 (2012)
Liu, Y., Holmstrom, E., Zhang, J., Yu, P., Wang, J., Dyba, M.A., Chen, D., Ying, J., Lockett, S., Nesbitt, D.J., Ferré-D’Amaré, A.R., Sousa, R., Stagno, J.R., Wang, Y.X.: Synthesis and applications of RNAs with position-selective labelling and mosaic composition. Nature 522, 368–372 (2015)
Longhini, A.P., LeBlanc, R.M., Becette, O., Salguero, C., Wunderlich, C.H., Johnson, B.A., D’Souza, V.M., Kreutz, C., Dayie, T.K.: Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of site-specific isotopically labelled nucleotides for use in NMR resonance assignment, dynamics and structural characterizations. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, e52 (2016)
Lukavsky, P.J., Puglisi, J.D.: Large-scale preparation and purification of polyacrylamide-free RNA oligonucleotides. RNA 10, 889–893 (2004)
McKenna, S.A., Kim, I., Puglisi, E.V., Lindhout, D.A., Aitken, C.E., Marshall, R.A., Puglisi, J.D.: Purification and characterization of transcribed RNAs using gel filtration chromatography. Nat. Protoc. 2, 3270–3277 (2007)
Plateau, P., Gueron, M.: Exchangeable proton NMR without base-line distorsion, using new strong-pulse sequences. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 7310–7311 (1982)
Piotto, M., Saudek, V., Sklenár, V.: Gradient-tailored excitation for single-quantum NMR spectroscopy of aqueous solutions. J. Biomol. NMR 2, 661–665 (1992)
Dingley, A.J., Grzesiek, S.: Direct observation of hydrogen bonds in nucleic acid base pairs by internucleotide 2 J NN couplings. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 8293–8297 (1998)
Tjandra, N., Bax, A.: Direct measurement of distances and angles in biomolecules by NMR in a dilute liquid crystalline medium. Science 278, 1111–1114 (1997)
Hansen, M.R., Mueller, L., Pardi, A.: Tunable alignment of macromolecules by filamentous phage yields dipolar coupling interactions. Nat. Struct. Biol. 5, 1065–1074 (1998)
Hansen, M.R., Hanson, P., Pardi, A.: Filamentous bacteriophage for aligning RNA, DNA, and proteins for measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance dipolar coupling interactions. Methods Enzymol. 317, 220–240 (2000)
Ottiger, M., Delaglio, F., Bax, A.: Measurement of J and dipolar couplings from simplified two-dimensional NMR spectra. J. Magn. Reson. 131, 373–378 (1998)
Pervushin, K., Riek, R., Wider, G., Wüthrich, K.: Attenuated T2 relaxation by mutual cancellation of dipole-dipole coupling and chemical shift anisotropy indicates an avenue to NMR structures of very large biological macromolecules in solution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12366–123671 (1997)
Bothe, J.R., Nikolova, E.N., Eichhorn, C.D., Chugh, J., Hansen, A.L., Al-Hashimi, H.M.: Characterizing RNA dynamics at atomic resolution using solution-state NMR spectroscopy. Nat. Methods 8, 919–931 (2011)
Salmon, L., Yang, S., Al-Hashimi, H.M.: Advances in the determination of nucleic acid conformational ensembles. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 65, 293–316 (2014)
Nomura, Y., Tanaka, Y., Fukunaga, J., Fujiwara, K., Chiba, M., Iibuchi, I., Tanaka, T., Nakamura, Y., Kawai, G., Kozu, T., Sakamoto, T.: Solution structure of a DNA mimicking motif of an RNA aptamer against transcription factor AML1 Runt domain. J. Biochem. 154, 513–519 (2013)
Bermejo, G.A., Clore, M., Schwieters, C.D.: Improving NMR Structures of RNA. Structure 24, 806–815 (2016)
Oguro, A., Yanagida, A., Fujieda, Y., Amano, R., Otsu, M., Sakamoto, T., Kawai, G., Matsufuji, S.: Two stems with different characteristics and an internal loop in an RNA aptamer contribute to spermine-binding. J. Biochem. 161, 197–206 (2016)
Okui, S., Kawai, g: In NMR tube transcription for rapid screening of RNA conformation. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 34, 103–113 (2015)
Helmling, C., Keyhani, S., Sochor, F., Fürtig, B., Hengesbach, M., Schwalbe, H.: Rapid NMR screening of RNA secondary structure and binding. J. Biomol. NMR 63, 67–76 (2015)
Amano, R., Aoki, K., Miyakawa, S., Nakamura, Y., Kozu, T., Kawai, G., Sakamoto, T.: NMR monitoring of the SELEX process to confirm enrichment of structured RNA. Sci. Rep. 7, 283 (2017)
Aeschbacher, T., Schmidt, E., Blatter, M., Maris, C., Duss, O., Allain, F.H.-T., Güntert, P., Schubert, M.: Automated and assisted RNA resonance assignment using NMR chemical shift statistics. Nucleic Acids Res. 41, e172 (2013)
Bahrami, A., Clos II, L.J., Markley, J.L., Butcher, S.E., Eghbalnia, H.R.: RNA-PAIRS: RNA probabilistic assignment of imino resonance shifts. J. Biomol. NMR 52, 289–302 (2012)
Nakamura, S.: A novel virtual spectrometry: visualized regulatory motifs on ADM, rPolΒ and CD83 mRNAs in human-friendly manners. J. Biochem. 146, 251–261 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sakamoto, T., Otsu, M., Kawai, G. (2018). NMR Studies on RNA. In: The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Society of Japan (eds) Experimental Approaches of NMR Spectroscopy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5966-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5966-7_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5965-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5966-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)