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MicroRNA

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Preeclampsia

Part of the book series: Comprehensive Gynecology and Obstetrics ((CGO))

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Abstract

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) occurs in the preeclamptic placenta, where it causes dysregulation of functional molecules. The human placenta expresses a unique set of miRNAs (e.g., chromosome 19 miRNA cluster miRNAs). miRNAs, including placenta-specific miRNAs, are released from the placental villous trophoblast into the maternal circulation via exosomes. Because placenta-specific miRNAs are detectable in maternal blood, information about the placenta can be obtained during routine pregnancy screening via minimally invasive tests such as blood sampling, rather than highly invasive tests such as tissue biopsy. Radical treatment for preeclampsia (PE) is termination of the pregnancy, but in cases of early-onset PE, the pregnancy should be prolonged as long as possible to improve the infant’s prognosis. Prediction of PE in the first trimester could make it possible to prevent PE and develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat PE. This chapter explores the predictive utility of plasma placenta-specific miRNAs.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grants-in-Aids for Scientific Research and Private University Strategic Research Foundation Support Program (2013–2017) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

    Toshihiro Takizawa M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan

    Akihide Ohkuchi M.D., Ph.D. & Shigeki Matsubara M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan

    Toshiyuki Takeshita M.D., Ph.D.

  4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Shigeru Saito M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Toshihiro Takizawa M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Akihide Ohkuchi M.D., Ph.D.
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  3. Shigeki Matsubara M.D., Ph.D.
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  4. Toshiyuki Takeshita M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Toshihiro Takizawa M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Shigeru Saito

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Takizawa, T., Ohkuchi, A., Matsubara, S., Takeshita, T., Saito, S. (2018). MicroRNA. In: Saito, S. (eds) Preeclampsia. Comprehensive Gynecology and Obstetrics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_13

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