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Comparative Analysis of the Enactment and Interpretation of Chapter III of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency—Recognition of Foreign Proceeding and Relief

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Cross-Border Insolvency

Abstract

This chapter examines how the provisions of Chapter III of the Model Law which deals with the procedural steps required for recognition of a foreign proceeding and the types of orders that a court can take on an interim basis or following recognition:

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008 (Cth) s 13.

  2. 2.

    See generally, Federal Court (Corporations) Rules 2000 (Cth) r 15A.3 and corresponding provisions in the rules of each States and Territories Supreme Court Rules.

  3. 3.

    United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, Guide to Enactment of The UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, UN Doc A/CN.9/442 (19 December 1997) as approved by GA Res A/RES/52/158 (1997) (30 January 1998) and amended by GA Res A/RES/68/107 (2013) (16 December 2013) [128].

  4. 4.

    See The Convention on Abolishing the Requirements of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, Hague Conference on Private International Law [1995] ATS 11.

  5. 5.

    For example, creditor voluntary liquidations and voluntary administrations in Australia are primarily supervised by the Australian Securities & Investments Commission, although a Court on application has the power to supervise and give directions.

  6. 6.

    Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, RSC 1985, c C-36 s 459(2) and Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, RSC 1985, c B-3 s 268(2).

  7. 7.

    11 USC §1516(3) (2012).

  8. 8.

    House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, United States Congress, Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (8 April 2005), HR Report Pub L No 109-31,112–3.

  9. 9.

    Fletcher, Insolvency in Private International Law, National and International Approaches see footnote 42, 460 [8.27].

  10. 10.

    Ackers v Saad Investments Company Ltd (in liq) (2010) 190 FCR 285, 295–96 [46–49].

  11. 11.

    Ibid [53].

  12. 12.

    Gainsford v Tannenbaum (2012) 293 ALR 699, 707 [35].

  13. 13.

    Ibid 712 [46].

  14. 14.

    Young v Buccaneer Energy Ltd [2014] FCA 711 (2 July 2014) [34].

  15. 15.

    Scott Atkins and Rosalind Mason, ‘Australia’ in Ho, see footnote 75, 32.

  16. 16.

    Re Interedil Srl [2012] Bus LR 1582.

  17. 17.

    Ibid; and that proposed under European Commission, ‘Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 on insolvency proceedings’ 2012/0360 (COD) recital 13a.

  18. 18.

    Re Lightsquared LP (2012) CLR (5th) 321 [25] (ONSC) applied Re MtGox Co Ltd [2014] ONSC 5811 (24 October 2014) [21]; Re Nortel Networks Corporation [2015] ONSC 2987 [4]-[10] (12 May 2015) [33].

  19. 19.

    Ibid [26].

  20. 20.

    Re Straumar-Buraras Investment Bank hf (2009) 57 CBR (5th) 256 [24]; Re Digital Domain Media Group, Inc (2012) 95 CBR (5th) 318; [2012] BCSC 1565 (18 September 2012) [15, 16].

  21. 21.

    [2011] Ch 33, 69 [57].

  22. 22.

    Shierson v Vlieland-Boddy [2005] 1 WLR 3966, 3985-6 [55].

  23. 23.

    Regulation EC No 848/2015 of the European Council on Insolvency Proceedings [2015] OJ L 141/19 Article 7.

  24. 24.

    Re Tri-Continental Exchange Ltd, 349 BR 627, 635 (Bankr, ED Cal, 2006).

  25. 25.

    Re Bear Stearns High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd, 374 BR 122, 128 (Bankr, SD NY, 2007).

  26. 26.

    Re Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit 389 B.R 325, 334 (Dist SD NY, 2008).

  27. 27.

    Re Basis Yield Alphs Fund, 381 BR 37, 51 (Bankr, SD NY, 2008).

  28. 28.

    Janis Sarra, “Oversight and Financing of Cross-Border Business Enterprise Group Insolvency Proceedings” (2009) 44 Texas International Law Journal 547, 558.

  29. 29.

    Jay Lawrence Westbrook, ‘Locating the Eye of the Financial Storm’ (2007) 32 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 1019, 1033.

  30. 30.

    Judith Wade, Where is a corporation’s “centre of main interests” in international insolvency’ (2008) 16 Insolvency Law Journal 127, 145.

  31. 31.

    Gabriel Moss, ‘Group Insolvency-Choice of Forum and Law: The European Experience Under the Influence of English Pragmatism’, (2007) 32 Brooklyn Journal of International Law 1005, 1008.

  32. 32.

    Gainsford v Tannenbaum (2012) 293 ALR 699, 710 [41].

  33. 33.

    Ibid 712 [46].

  34. 34.

    Williams v Simpson [2011] 2 NZLR 380, 391 [41].

  35. 35.

    Ibid 391 [42].

  36. 36.

    607 F.3d 1017, 1022. (5th Cir, 2010).

  37. 37.

    607 F.3d 1017, 1025 (5th Cir, 2010).

  38. 38.

    Re Kemsley 489 BR 346, 353 (Bankr, SD NY, 2013).

  39. 39.

    Re Chiang, 437 BR 397, 404 (Bankr, CD Cal 2010).

  40. 40.

    Re Kemsley, 489 BR 346, 363 (Bankr, SD NY, 2013).

  41. 41.

    Re Loy 380 BR 154, 163 (Bankr, ED Va, 2007).

  42. 42.

    See, eg, Williams v Simpson [2011] 2 NZLR 380, 391 [41, 42]; Re Ran 607 F.3d 1017, 1022 (5th Cir, 2010).

  43. 43.

    United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, Guide to Enactment of The UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, UN Doc A/CN.9/442 (19 December 1997) as approved by GA Res A/RES/52/158 (1997) (30 January 1998) and amended by GA Res A/RES/68/107 (2013) (16 December 2013) [165, 166]; Wessels, Markell and Kilborn, see footnote 14, 215–6.

  44. 44.

    Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, RSC 1985, c C-36 s 47; Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, RSC 1985, c B-3 s 270.

  45. 45.

    United National Commission on International Trade Law ‘Interpretation and application of selected concepts of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency relating to centre of main interests (COMI)’ 41 session, UN Doc A/CN.9/WG.V/WP.103 (28 February 2012) 8 [37A].

  46. 46.

    Ibid 9 [37C]-[37D].

  47. 47.

    Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth) s 40; Bankruptcy & Insolvency Act, 1985, c B-3 s 2 in the definition of ‘insolvent person’.

  48. 48.

    Ackers v Saad Investments Company Ltd (in liq) (2010) 190 FCR 285, 291–292 [30].

  49. 49.

    Ibid 293 [36].

  50. 50.

    Ibid 295–296 [49].

  51. 51.

    Young v Buccaneer Energy Ltd [2014] FCA 711 (2 July 2014) [34].

  52. 52.

    Re Straumar-Buraras Investment Bank hf (2009) 57 CBR (5th) 256 [24].

  53. 53.

    Re Stanford International Bank Ltd (2009) 65 CBR (5th) 4; [2009] QCCA 2475 (17 December 2009) [18].

  54. 54.

    Re Stanford International Bank Ltd (2009) 65 CBR (5th) 33 (Cour supérieure du Québec).

  55. 55.

    Fraser Hughes ‘The Stanford Bank Decisions in England and Quebec: Are we Moving Further Away from Common Principles: The Stanford Bank Decisions in England and Quebec’ (2010) 21 International Company and Commercial Law Review 205, 210.

  56. 56.

    [2009] ONSC 63138 (12 November 2009).

  57. 57.

    (2011) 79 CBR (5th) 148 [28].

  58. 58.

    (2011) 76 CBR (5th) 317) [7] (BCSC).

  59. 59.

    (2011) 81 CBR (5th) 102 [13] (ONSC).

  60. 60.

    Ibid [27].

  61. 61.

    Ibid [30].

  62. 62.

    Re Wolfridge Farm Ltd [2015] NSSC 168 (6 May 2015).

  63. 63.

    [2011] 2 NZLR 380.

  64. 64.

    [2011] Ch 33.

  65. 65.

    [2011] Ch 33, 58 [29].

  66. 66.

    Re Eurofood IFSC Ltd [2006] Ch 508.

  67. 67.

    [2011] Ch 33, 61, [36], 67 [53] quoting Virgos and Schmidt, see footnote 26; Contra, Stanford International Bank Ltd (2009) 65 CBR (5th) 4; (2009) QCCS 4109 (11 September 2009) [47].

  68. 68.

    Cross-Border Insolvency Regulations 2006 SR 2006/1030.

  69. 69.

    Re Interedil Srl [2012] Bus LR 1582.

  70. 70.

    Rubin v Eurofinance SA [2009] EWHC 2129 (Ch) (31 July 2009).

  71. 71.

    Ibid [46].

  72. 72.

    Ibid [48].

  73. 73.

    Ibid [72].

  74. 74.

    Rubin v Eurofinance SA [2013] 1 AC 236, 274 [115].

  75. 75.

    Pillar Securitisation S.a.r.l v Spencer [2011] BCC 338, 342[13].

  76. 76.

    Ibid 344 [27].

  77. 77.

    Re Sanko Steamship Co Ltd [2015] EWHC 1031 (Ch) (16 April 2015).

  78. 78.

    Re Sphinx Ltd, 351 BR 103, 117 (Bankr, SD NY, 2006).

  79. 79.

    Ibid 122.

  80. 80.

    See, eg, Re Bear Stearns High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd, 374 BR 122, 130 (Bankr, SD NY, 2007); Re Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit 389 B.R 325, 334 (Dist SD NY, 2008); In re Basis Yield Alphs Fund (Master), 381 BR 37,52–53 (Bankr, SD NY, 2008).

  81. 81.

    Re Sphinx Ltd 351 BR 103, 114 (Bankr, SD NY, 2006).

  82. 82.

    Ibid 117 adopted in Re Fairfield Sentry Ltd, 714 F 3d 127 (2nd Cir 2013).

  83. 83.

    Re Bear Stearns High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd, 374 BR 122 (Bankr, SD NY, 2007).

  84. 84.

    Ibid 339.

  85. 85.

    Ibid 331.

  86. 86.

    Ibid 334.

  87. 87.

    Ibid 339.

  88. 88.

    Ibid 337.

  89. 89.

    Ibid.

  90. 90.

    Re Ran (2010) 607 F.3d 1017, 1027–28 (5th Cir, 2010).

  91. 91.

    Re Cozumel Caribe SA de CV (2014) WL 1569238 (Bankr, SD NY, 2014).

  92. 92.

    Re Ephedra Products Liability Litigation, 349 BR 333, 336 (Dist, SD NY, 2006); Re Iida, 377 BR 243, 259 (BAP, 9th Cir, 2007).

  93. 93.

    [2009] EWHC 2129 (Ch) (31 July 2009) [48].

  94. 94.

    Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008 (Cth) s 14.

  95. 95.

    Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, RSC 1985, c C-36 s 53; Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, RSC 1985, c B-3 s 276.

  96. 96.

    Board of Directors of Rizzo-Bottiglieri-De Carlini Armatori SpA v Rizzo-Bottiglieri-De Carlini Armatori SpA [2017] FCA 331 (3 February 2017) [19].

  97. 97.

    Yakushiji v Daiichi Chuo Kisen Kaisha (No 2) [2016] FCA 1277 (17 October 2016), [20–22]; followed in Board of Directors of Rizzo-Bottiglieri-De Carlini Armatori SpA v Rizzo-Bottiglieri-De Carlini Armatori SpA [2017] FCA 331 (3 February 2017).

  98. 98.

    Suk v Hanjin Shipping Co Ltd [2017] FCA 404 (12 April 2017).

  99. 99.

    Re Daewoo Logistics Corporation 461 BR 175, 79 (Bankr, SDNY, 2011).

  100. 100.

    Article 19(2).

  101. 101.

    Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, RSC 1985, c C-36 s 61; Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, RSC 1985, c B-3 s 274.

  102. 102.

    See eg Re Payless Holdings LLC 2017 ONSC 2242 (20 April 2017).

  103. 103.

    11 USC §1519 (e).

  104. 104.

    In re Pro-Fit Holdings Ltd 391 BR 850 (Bankr, CD Cal, 2008); Contra, Re Worldwide Education Services Inc 494 BR 494, 497–8 (Bankr, C D Cal, 2013).

  105. 105.

    Mason, ‘Cross-border insolvency: Adoption of CLERP 8 as an evolution of Australian insolvency law’, see footnote 20, 84.

  106. 106.

    Tucker, re Aero Inventory (UK) Ltd v Aero Inventory (UK) Ltd [No 2] (2009) 181 FCR 374.

  107. 107.

    In Ackers v Saad Investments Company Ltd (in liq), (2010) 190 FCR 285, 291 [25].

  108. 108.

    Asafuji v The Sanko Steamship Co., Ltd [ 2012] FCA 1154 (15 Oct 2012).

  109. 109.

    Williams v Simpson [2010] NZHC 1631.

  110. 110.

    ANZ National Bank Ltd v Sheahan [2013] 1 NZLR 674 [112].

  111. 111.

    Re Bear Stearns High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Master Fund Ltd (in prov liq) 389 BR 325,329–30 (Dist, SD NY, 2008).

  112. 112.

    Re Vitro S.A.B de C.V 455 BR 571 (Bankr, ND Tex, 2011).

  113. 113.

    Fletcher, Insolvency in Private International Law, National and International Approaches see footnote 42, 465 [8.33].

  114. 114.

    Ibid [8.34].

  115. 115.

    Ibid 466, [8.36].

  116. 116.

    See Re JSC BTA Bank, 434 BR 334 (Bankr, SD NY, 2010).

  117. 117.

    Insolvency (Cross-border) Act 2006, Schedule 1 Article 20(2); see also Downey v Holland [2014] NZHC 1546 (3 July 2014), [14, 15].

  118. 118.

    Re Elpida Memory Inc, 2012 WL 5828748 (Bankr, D Del 2012).

  119. 119.

    Pink v MF Global UK Ltd ( in Special Admin) [2012] FCA 260 (23 March 2012) [20].

  120. 120.

    Lawrence v Northern Crest Investments Limited (in liq) [2011] FCA 925 (8 July 2011).

  121. 121.

    Ibid order 3.5.

  122. 122.

    Appleyard re Crawford Farms Ltd v Crawford Farms Ltd [2012] FCA 1373 (8 November 2012).

  123. 123.

    Murakami, re Murakami [2011] FCA 844 (22 July 2011).

  124. 124.

    Kapila, re Edelstein [2014] FCA 1112 (10 October 2104).

  125. 125.

    Ibid [71].

  126. 126.

    Crumpler v Global Tradewaves (in Liq) [2013] FCA 1127 (28 October 2013).

  127. 127.

    Wild v Coin Co International PLC (Administrators Appointed) [2015] FCA 354 (16 April 2015) [70–72].

  128. 128.

    Gladstone (Trustee) v Digrigoli (No 2) [2016] FCA 1220 (7 October 2016).

  129. 129.

    See Kim v SW Shipping Co Ltd (2016) 113 ACSR 260; Suk v Hanjin Shipping Co Ltd [2016] FCA 1404 (23 November 2016).

  130. 130.

    Wild v Coin Co International PLC (Administrators Appointed) [2015] FCA 354 (16 April 2015) [28]; see also De Akers as a joint foreign representative of Saad Investments Company Limited (in Official Liquidation) v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2014] FCAFC 57 (14 May 2014) (November 2016).

  131. 131.

    Backman v Landsbanki Islands hf [2012] FCA 260 (7 December 2011) [21].

  132. 132.

    See, eg, Companies Act 1993 ss 239F, 280; Mutual Recognition Act 1992 (Cth) s19.

  133. 133.

    Golick and Wasserman, in Ho (ed), see footnote 75, 93.

  134. 134.

    Meridian Developments Inc v Toronto Dominion Bank (1984) 11 D.L.R (4th) 576, 580 [15].

  135. 135.

    ATB Financial v Metcalfe & Mansfield Alternative Investments II Corp (2008) 45 C.B.R (5th) 163 [44, 61].

  136. 136.

    Re Nortel Networks Corporation (2009) CanLii 39492 (ONSC) (23 July 2009) [28].

  137. 137.

    Re White Birch Paper Holding Company (2011) 209 ACWS (3d) 26; (2011) QCCS 5223(7 October 2011) [21].

  138. 138.

    Re Cinram International Inc (2012) 91 CBR (5th) 46, [58].

  139. 139.

    Re Probe Resources Ltd (2011) 79 CBR (5th) 148 [31, 32]; Re Cinram International Inc (2012) 91 CBR (5th) 46, [58, 60].

  140. 140.

    Re Ultra Petroleum Corp. [2017] YKSC 9 (7 February 2017).

  141. 141.

    ANZ National Bank Ltd v Sheahan [2013] 1 NZLR 674 [112]; Sheahan v ANZ Bank NZ Ltd [2013] NZHC 888 (26 April 2013) [4].

  142. 142.

    Omegatrend International Pty Ltd (in Liq) v New Image International Ltd [2010] NZHC 1761 (5 October 2010).

  143. 143.

    See, eg, ANZ National Bank Ltd v Sheahan [2013] 1 NZLR 674.

  144. 144.

    Ackers v Deutsche Bank AG [2012] BCC 786, 791 [11].

  145. 145.

    Ibid [17].

  146. 146.

    Lastra (ed), see footnote 43, 221 [9.58].

  147. 147.

    Fletcher, see footnote 42 [8.38]; Sheldon, see footnote 146, 128–32.

  148. 148.

    Fibria Celulose S/A v Pan Ocean Co Ltd [2014] EWHC 2124 (Ch) (30 June 2014) [108].

  149. 149.

    Norden v Samsun Logix Corporation [2009] BPIR 1367.

  150. 150.

    Ackers v Deutsche Bank AG [2012] BCC 786.

  151. 151.

    Picard v FIM Advisers LLP [2011] 1 BCLC 129; [2010] EWHC 1299 (Ch) (27 May 2010) [23].

  152. 152.

    Re Swissair Schweizerische Luftverkehr-Aktiengesellschaft (2010) BCC 667, 672 [14, 15].

  153. 153.

    Ibid.

  154. 154.

    Cambridge Gas Transport Corporation Limited v Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (of Navigator Holdings PLC & Ors) (Isle of Man) [2007] 1 AC 508, 520 [26]; Cf Rubin v Eurofinance SA [2013] 1 AC 236, 287 [178].

  155. 155.

    Cambridge Gas Transport Corporation Limited v Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (of Navigator Holdings PLC & Ors) (Isle of Man) [ [2007] 1 AC 508, 517 [16].

  156. 156.

    Rubin v Eurofinance SA [2013] 1 AC 236, 276–8 [128–132].

  157. 157.

    McGrath v Riddell [2008] 3 All ER 869, 879 [20] (Lord Hoffman).

  158. 158.

    11 USC § 1502(8).

  159. 159.

    Selinda A Melnik, in Ho, see footnote 75, 493.

  160. 160.

    11 USC § 1521(7).

  161. 161.

    Re Condor Insurance Ltd, 601 F.3d 319 (5th Cir, 2010).

  162. 162.

    Re Vitro SAB de CV, 701 F.3d 1031 (5th Cir, 2012).

  163. 163.

    Ibid.

  164. 164.

    439 BR 627, 637–9 (Bankr, SD NY 2010).

  165. 165.

    404 B.R 726, 739 (Bankr, SD NY, 2009).

  166. 166.

    Ibid 740.

  167. 167.

    Re Vitro SAB de CV, 701 F.3d 1031 (5th Cir, 2012).

  168. 168.

    Re Condor Insurance Ltd, 601 F.3d 319, 323 (5th Cir, 2010).

  169. 169.

    Re Lee, 472 BR 156,183 (Bankr, D Mass, 2012).

  170. 170.

    Re AJW Offshore Ltd, 488 BR 551 (Bankr, ED NY, 2013).

  171. 171.

    Ibid.

  172. 172.

    Re Comercial V.H., S.A. de CV, 2012 WL 4051882 (Bankr, D Ariz, 2012) 2–3.

  173. 173.

    Mason, see footnote 1, 88.

  174. 174.

    Fletcher, see footnote 42, 470, [8.42].

  175. 175.

    Explanatory Memorandum, Cross-Border Insolvency Bill 2008 (Cth) 31 [65].

  176. 176.

    Re Tri-Continental Exchange Ltd, 349 BR 627, 633 (Bankr, ED Cal, 2006).

  177. 177.

    Wood, see footnote 12, 964 [31-049].

  178. 178.

    Ackers v Saad Investment Company Ltd (in liq) (2013) 31 ACLC 493 affirmed but for slightly different reasons in Ackers v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2014] FCAFC 57 (14 May 2014). It will be interesting to see if this Article is also used to collect foreign taxes given Australia's recent adoption of the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters [2012] ATS 38 (entered into force 11 December 2011).

  179. 179.

    De Ackers as a joint foreign representative of Saad Investments Company Limited (in Official Liq) v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2014] FCAFC 57 [41].

  180. 180.

    See, eg, Golick and Wasserman in Ho, see footnote 75, 93.

  181. 181.

    Marciano (Sequestre de) [2011] QCCS 7086 (8 December 2011) [41].

  182. 182.

    Sarra, see footnote 75, 48–9.

  183. 183.

    Article 22(4).

  184. 184.

    11 USC § 1522 (a) (2012).

  185. 185.

    11 USC § 1522 (b) (2012).

  186. 186.

    349 BR 627, 637 (Bankr, ED Cal, 2006).

  187. 187.

    404 BR 726, 739 (Bankr, SD NY, 2009).

  188. 188.

    CT Investment Management Co.LLC v Carbonell, 2012 WL 92359 (Dist, SD NY, 11 January 2012) 5–6.

  189. 189.

    See Jaffe v Samsung Electronics Company Ltd, 737 F 3d 14 (4th Cir, 2013); Re Vitro SAB De CV, 701 F 3d 1031 (5th Cir, 2012).

  190. 190.

    Wessels, Markell and Kilborn, see footnote 14, 210.

  191. 191.

    Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008 (Cth) s 17.

  192. 192.

    Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, RSC 1985, c C-36 ss 36, 51; Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, RSC 1985, c B-3 ss 38, 95–101 274.

  193. 193.

    Golick and Wasserman in Ho, see footnote 75, 96.

  194. 194.

    See, eg, Sean Gollin, in Ho, see footnote 75, 340.

  195. 195.

    Article 23 (1)–(3).

  196. 196.

    Article 23(6).

  197. 197.

    Article 23(7).

  198. 198.

    Ho, see footnote 75, 238.

  199. 199.

    See Glosband, et al., see footnote 93, 135–6.

  200. 200.

    155 BR 73, 87 (Bankr, SD NY, 2011).

  201. 201.

    Ibid 88.

  202. 202.

    Re Condor Insurance Ltd, 601 F.3d 319, 325–6 (5th Cir, 2010).

  203. 203.

    See Chap. 12.

  204. 204.

    Re Condor Insurance Ltd, 601 F.3d 319, 329 (5th Cir, 2010).

  205. 205.

    Golick and Wasserman, in Ho, see footnote 75, 94.

  206. 206.

    337 BR 243, 258 (BAP, 9th Cir, 2007).

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    Neil Hannan B.Ec, LLB (Monash) Ph.D (UWA)

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Hannan, N. (2017). Comparative Analysis of the Enactment and Interpretation of Chapter III of the Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency—Recognition of Foreign Proceeding and Relief. In: Cross-Border Insolvency. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5876-9_8

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