Skip to main content

A Model to Measure Readability of Captions with Temporal Dimension

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of First International Conference on Smart System, Innovations and Computing

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 79))

Abstract

Video content has become one of the most noticeable online trends of recent times. It is no secret that videos have become a staple of everyone’s life. WCAG 2.0 suggested that closed captioning is needed to provide accessible audio content for the audience who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing due to their disability in pursuing the auditory information. Caption files are plain text files with time codes information for each frame. Readability of caption is one major challenge, due to variation in speaking rate and reading rate. The time duration of caption frame affects the flow of text perceived by the reader. This paper proposes a novel model for caption readability based on time dimension. The proposed algorithm calculates the readability of each frame corresponds to the time duration. As a result, we analyzed the caption frames with respect to time, word count, and syllables and identified that the time gap enhances the caption readability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cisco VNI, White paper: Cisco VNI Forecast and Methodology, 2015–2020, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  2. W3C, Multimedia Accessibility, 2008. https://www.w3.org/2008/06/video-notes.

  3. Web accessibility for developers https://www.wuhcag.com/web-contentaccessibility-guidelines/.

  4. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, 2008. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/.

  5. Captioning. https://www.techsmith.com/tutorial-camtasia-mac-captions.html.

  6. Closed Captioning, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closedcaptioning.

  7. Martine Danan, Captioning and Subtitling: Undervalued Language Learning Strategies, Traduction audiovisuelle/ Audiovisual Translation, Volume 49n, p. 67–77, 2004. http://www.erudit.org/revue/Meta/2004/v49/n1/009021ar.html.

  8. Paula Winke, Susan Gass, Tetyana Sydorenko, The Effects of Captioning Videos used for foreign language listening activities, Language Learning & Technology, Volume 14, Number 1, pp. 6586, 2010. http://llt.msu.edu/vol14num1/winkegasssydorenko.pdf.

  9. Caption Key, National Association of the Deaf, 2011. http://www.captioningkey.org/qualitycaptioning.html.

  10. Manitu Group, Captionate http://www.buraks.com/captionate/.

  11. Diana Dee-Lucas, Reading Speed and Memory for Prose, Journal of Literacy Research, vol. 11 no. 3 221–233, 1979. http://jlr.sagepub.com/content/11/3/221.refs.

  12. Universal subtitle: Add subtitle for any video in web, http://boingboing.net/2010/12/09/universal-subtitles.html.

  13. Captioning Guidelines, Media Access Australia http://www.mediaaccess.org.au/practical-web-accessibility/media/captionguidelines.

  14. Digital Captioning, High Tech Center Training Unit. http://www.htctu.net/trainings/manuals/web/DigitalCaptionMAGpie2.pdf.

  15. http://www.softpedia.com/get/Multimedia/Video/Other-VIDEO-Tools/SubtitleWorkshop.shtml.

  16. Readability, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readability.

  17. James Hartley, Is time up for the Flesch measure of reading ease?, Scientometrics, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Muhammad Kunta Biddinikaa et al. Measuring the readability of Indonesian biomass websites: The ease of understanding biomass energy information on websites in the Indonesian language, Volume 59,1349–1357, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hoke, Brenda Lynn, Comparison of Recreational Reading Books Levels Using the Fry Readability Graph and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Kean University, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Terry Smith, The problems with current readability methods and formulas: Missing that usability design, Professional Communication Conference (IPCC), IEEE, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Daniil L. Polishchuk, Readability of Online Patient Education Materials on Adult Reconstruction Web Sites, The Journal of Arthroplasty, Vol. 27, No. 5 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Elena T. Carbone, Jamie M. Zoellner, Nutrition and Health Literacy: A Systematic Review to Inform Nutrition Research and Practice, Journal of the Academy Of Nutritions AND Dietetics, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  23. ACCAN, Online video captions must be accurate and readable, 2015. https://accan.org.au/our-work/1125-online-video-captions-must-be-accurateand-readable.

  24. Diana Dee-Lucas, Reading Speed and Memory for Prose, Journal of Literacy Research, vol. 11 no. 3 221–233, 1979. http://jlr.sagepub.com/content/11/3/221.refs.

  25. Raja S. Kushalnagar, Walter S. Lasecki, Jeffrey P. Bigham, A Readability Evaluation of Real-Time Crowd Captions in the Classroom, ASSETS12, ACM, 2012. https://web.eecs.umich.edu/wlasecki/pubs/captionreadability.pdf.

  26. Walter S. Lasecki, Raja Kushalnagar, Jeffrey P. Bigham, Helping students keep up with real-time captions by pausing and highlighting, W4A ’14 Proceedings of the 11 th Web for All Conference, Article No. 39, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  27. NPTEL, A Project by MHRD. http://nptel.ac.in/course.php.

  28. NPTEL video lectures, Information and Communication Technology. http://textofvideo.nptel.iitm.ac.in/.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. S. Kuppusamy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Pantula, M., Kuppusamy, K.S. (2018). A Model to Measure Readability of Captions with Temporal Dimension. In: Somani, A., Srivastava, S., Mundra, A., Rawat, S. (eds) Proceedings of First International Conference on Smart System, Innovations and Computing. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 79. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5828-8_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5828-8_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5827-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5828-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics