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Translational Research in Stroke pp 169–198Cite as

Diabetics and Stroke

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Part of the book series: Translational Medicine Research ((TRAMERE))

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the largest global health emergencies threating public health worldwide. Chronic elevation of blood glucose level can lead to injury of blood vessels resulting in chronic diabetic complication, that is, diabetic vasculopathy. With respect to this vascular dysfunction in brain vasculature, diabetes mellitus confers an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Strokes in patients with diabetes are usually associated with a worse outcome. The cerebrovascular protection is not only limited to prevention of diabetes but also diabetes-induced detrimental changes in vascular structure and function before the occurrence of stroke. Effective and acute prevention of vascular dysfunction and blood–brain barrier disruption following acute ischemic stroke is important in diabetic stroke treatment.

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Abbreviations

ACCORD:

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

ADEPS:

Amrita Diabetes and Endocrine Population Survey

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end-products

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BDNF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BMSCs:

Bone marrow stromal cells

BOLD:

Blood-oxygen-level dependent

BP:

Blood pressure

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CURES:

Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

ECs:

Endothelial cells

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

ENSANUT 2012:

2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cell

fMRI:

Functional MRI

GDM:

Gestational DM

GIST-UK:

Glucose–potassium–insulin infusion in the management of poststroke hyperglycemia in UK

GK:

Goto-Kakizaki

GRASP:

Glucose regulation in acute stroke patients

HbA1c:

Glycated hemoglobin A1c

HT:

Hemorrhagic transformation

HUCBCs:

Human umbilical cord blood cells

IADPSG:

International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1

ICH:

Intracerebral hemorrhage

IDF:

International diabetes federation

IFG:

Impaired fasting glucose

IGT:

Impaired glucose tolerance

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IUGR:

Intrauterine growth retardation

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

miRs:

Micro-ribonucleic acids

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NIDD:

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes

NINDS:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

NO:

Nitric oxide

ODP:

Overt diabetes in pregnancy

OGTT:

Oral glucose tolerance testing

OLETF:

Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty

OPCs:

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

PAI-1:

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

PCA:

Post cerebral artery

PC-MRA:

Phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PKC:

Protein kinase C

RAGE:

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCI:

Subcortical infarctions

SDT:

Spontaneously diabetic Tori

SMC:

Smooth muscle cell

SSS:

Scandinavian stroke scale

STZ:

Streptozotocin

SWI:

Susceptibility-weighted imaging

T1DM:

Type 1 DM

T2DM:

Type 2 DM

TCD:

Transcranial Doppler

THIS:

Treatment of hyperglycemia in ischemic stroke

TM:

Thrombomodulin

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

t-PA:

Tissue-type plasminogen activator

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

vWF:

von Willebrand factor

ZDF:

Zucker diabetic fatty

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China

    Tingting He

  2. Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China

    Jieli Geng

  3. Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China

    Zhijun Zhang

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  1. Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Paul A. Lapchak

  2. Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Guo-Yuan Yang

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He, T., Geng, J., Zhang, Z. (2017). Diabetics and Stroke. In: Lapchak, P., Yang, GY. (eds) Translational Research in Stroke. Translational Medicine Research. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5804-2_9

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