Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flood Assessment of Lolab Valley from Watershed Characterization Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Book cover Hydrologic Modeling

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 81))

Abstract

The estimation of basin characteristics from the morphometric parameters assists in understanding the physical behavior of the watershed with respect to flooding. The remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) are used for extraction of drainage boundary and order using ASTER digital elevation model (DEM), to evaluate the drainage characteristics. Additionally, sub-watershed-wise drainage parameters were analyzed to delineate the major influencing catchments with respect to flooding. The morphometric analysis for all the twelve sub-watersheds of the Lolab basin reveals that the sub-watersheds LSB 2, 4, 5, 10, 11 and LSB 12 are having the greater tendency to peak discharge in a short period of time because of high relief ratio (Rh), high ruggedness number, and less time of concentration (Tc). The sub-watersheds LSB1 and LSB11 having the highest drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), mean bifurcation ratio (Rbm), and infiltration number (If) cause greater runoff influence on the mainstream in the catchment. The LSB 3, 6 and LSB 7 sub-watersheds having higher form factor (Ff), medium drainage density (Dd), texture ratio (T), relief ratio (Rh), and time of concentration (Tc) cause moderate runoff influence toward mainstream. The study points out that DEM used in GIS environment for systematic analysis of drainage parameters offers valuable information about Lolab Basin with regard to flood assessment. This work will help in mitigating the hazard caused by flooding with respect to nature and human society. Thus, drainage characterization using remote sensing and GIS has made substantial contribution in flood monitoring and damage assessment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agarwal A, Narayan S (1991) State of India’s environment: floods. New Delhi: Center for Science and Environment

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed SA, Chandrashekarappa KN, Raj SK, Nischitha V, Kavitha G (2010) Evaluation of morphometric parameters derived from ASTER and SRTM DEM—a study on Bandihole sub-watershed basin in Karnataka. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 38:227–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander GN (1972) Effect of catchment area on flood magnitude. J Hydrol 16:225–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali SA, Alhamed M, Ali U (2016) Morphometric analysis of Abdan Basin, Almahfid basement rock, Yemen: using remote sensing and GIS. Int J Adv Remote Sens GIS 5(3):1605–1617

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali U, Ali SA (2014) Analysis of drainage morphometry and watershed prioritization of Romushi—Sasar catchment, Kashmir Valley, India using remote sensing and GIS technology. I Jour Adv Res 2(12):5–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Altin TB, Altin BN (2011) Drainage morphometry and its influence on landforms in volcanic terrain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 19:732–740

    Google Scholar 

  • Amee KT, Dhiman SD (2007) Morphometric analysis and prioritization of mini watersheds in Mohr watershed, Gujarat using remote sensing and GIS techniques. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 35:313–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Angillieri MYE (2008) Morphometric analysis of Colangüil river basin and flash flood hazard, San Juan, Argentina. Environ Geol 55:107–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertolo F (2000) Catchment delineation and characterisation, catchment characterisation and modelling Euro landscape project. Ispra: Space Application Institute, Joint Research Center

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt S, Ahmed SA (2014) Morphometric analysis to determine floods in the upper Krishna basin using Cartosat DEM. Geocarto Int 29(8):878–894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chopra R, Dhiman RD, Sharma PK (2005) Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in Gurdaspur district, Punjab using remote sensing and GIS techniques. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 33:531–539

    Google Scholar 

  • Chorley RJ (1969) Introduction tofluvial processes. Methuen and Co., Limited, London, p 588

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornkamp JC, King CAM (1971) Numerical analyses in geomorphology: an introduction. New York: St Martins, p 372

    Google Scholar 

  • Eze BE, Efiong J (2010) Morphometric parameters of the Calabar River basin: implication forhydrologic processes. J Geogr Geol 2:18–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairfiled J, Leymarie P (1991) Drainage network from grid digital elevation models. Water Resour Res 30:1681–1692

    Google Scholar 

  • Faniran A (1968) The index of drainage intensity–a provisional new drainage factor. Aust J Sci 31:328–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Garbrecht J, Martz LW (1999) Digital elevation model issues in water resources modeling. Proceedings of the 19th Esri Users Conference; San Diego (CA)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory KJ, Walling DE (1973) Drainage form and process: a geomorphological approach. New York (NY): Wiley, p 456

    Google Scholar 

  • Grohmann CH (2004) Morphometric analysis in geographic information systems: applications of free software GRASS and R. Comput & Geosci 30(9–10):1055–1067

    Google Scholar 

  • Hlaing TK, Haruyama S, Aye MM (2008) Using GIS-based distributed soil loss modeling and morphometric analysis to prioritize watershed for soil conservation in Bago river basin of lower Myanmar Front. Earth Sci China 2:465–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton RE (1932) Drainage basin characteristics. Trans Am Geophys Union 13:350–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton RE (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: hydro physical approach to quantitative morphology. Bull GeolSoc Am 56:276–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain V, Sinha R (2003) Evaluation of geomorphic control on flood hazard through geomorphic instantaneous unit hydrograph. Curr Sci 85:1596–1600

    Google Scholar 

  • Korkalainen THJ, Lauren AM, Kokkonen TS (2007) A GIS based analysis of catchment properties within a drumlin field. Boreal Environ Res 12:489–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Kumar S, Lohani AK, Nema RK, Singh RD (2000) Evaluation of geomorphological characteristics of a catchment using GIS. GIS India 9:13–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Lattif AA, Sherief Y (2012) Morphometric analysis andflash floods of WadiSudr and WadiWardan, Gulf of Suez, Egypt: using digital elevation model. Arab J Geosci 5:181–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magesh NS, Chandrasekar N, Soundranayagam JP (2011) Morphometric evaluation of Papanasam and Manimuthar watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India: a GIS approach. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 64:373–381

    Google Scholar 

  • Maidment DR (2002) Arc Hydro: GIS for water resources. Redlands (CA): ESRI Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark DM (1983) Relations between field-surveyed channel networks and map-based geomorphometric measures, Inez, Kentucky. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 73:358–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller VC (1953) A quantitative geomorphic study of drainage basin characteristics in the Clinch Mountain area. Virginia and Tennessee, Proj. NR 389-402, Technical report 3, Columbia University, Department of Geology, ONR, New York (NY)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nag SK (1998) Morphometric analysis using remote sensing techniques in the Chaka sub-basin, Purulia district, West Bengal. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 26:69–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nag SK, Chakraborty S (2003) Influence of rock types and structures in the development of drainage network in hard rock area. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 31:25–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozdemir H, Bird D (2009) Evaluation of morphometric parameters of drainage networks derived from topographic maps and DEM in point of floods. Environ Geol 56:1405–1415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pallard B, Castellarin A, Montanar A (2009) A look at the links between drainage density and flood statistics. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 13:1019–1029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pankaj A, Kumar P (2009) GIS based morphometric analysis of five major sub-watershed of Song River, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand with special reference to landslide incidences. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 37:157–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel DP, Dholakia MB, Naresh N, Srivastava PK (2012) Water harvesting structure positioning by using geo-visualization concept and prioritization of mini-watersheds through morphometric analysis in the lower Tapi basin. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 40:299–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton PC, Baker VR (1976) Morphometry andfloods in small drainage basins subject to diverse hydrogeomorphic controls. Water Resour Res 12:941–952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton PC (1988) Drainage basin morphometry andfloods. In: Baker VR, Kochel RC, Patton PC (eds) Flood geomorphology. Wiley, New York, pp 51–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy GPO, Maji AK, Gajbhiye KS (2004) Drainage morphometry and its influence on landform characteristics in a basaltic terrain, Central India—a remote sensing and GIS approach. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 6:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Romshoo SA, Bhat SA, Rashid I (2012) Geoinformatics for assessing the morphometric controlon hydrological response at watershed scale in the Upper Indus basin. J Earth Syst Sci 121:659–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roughani M, Ghafouri M, Tabatabaei M (2007) An innovative methodology for the prioritization of sub-catchments for flood control. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 9:79–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Bhanumurthy V, Murthy CS, Kiran Chand T (2008) Space for disaster management: lessons and perspectives. J South Asia Disaster Stud 1:157–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumm SA (1956) Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geol Soc Am Bull 67:597–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schumm SA (1963) Sinuosity of Alluvial Rivers on the Great Plains. Geol Soc Am Bull 74(9):1089

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaban A, Khawlie MM, Abdallah C, Awad M (2005) Hydrological and watershed characteristics of the El-Kabir River, North Lebanon. Lakes and Reservoirs: Res Manage 10(2):93–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Singh MC (1997) Morphometric analysis of Kanhar river basin. Nat Geogr J India 43(1):31–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith KG (1950) Standards for grading texture of erosional topography. Am J Sci 248:655–668

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreedevi PD, Owais S, Khan HH, Ahmed S (2009) Morphometric analysis of a watershed of south India using SRTM data and GIS. J GeolSoc India 73:543–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sreedevi PD, Sreekanth PD, Khan HH, Ahmed S (2013) Drainage morphometry and its influence on hydrology in an semi arid region: using SRTM data and GIS. Environ Earth Sci 70(2):839–848

    Google Scholar 

  • Sreedevi PD, Subrahmanyam K, Ahmed S (2005) Integrated approach for delineating potential zones to explore for groundwater in the Pageru River basin, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Hydrogeol J 13(3):534–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Strahler AN (1952) Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geol Soc Am Bull 63: 1117–1141

    Google Scholar 

  • Strahler AN (1957) Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Am Geophys Union 38:913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strahler AN (1964) Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In: Chow VT (ed) Handbook of applied hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 4–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas J, Joseph S, Thrivikramji K, Abe G, Kannan N (2012) Morphometrical analysis of two tropical mountain river basins of contrasting environmental settings, the southern Western Ghats India. Environ Earth Sci 66(8):2353–2366

    Google Scholar 

  • Verstappen HTH (1983) Applied geomorphology-geomorphological surveys for environmental development. New York (NY): Elsevier, pp 57–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Vittala SS, Govindaiah S, Gowda HH (2004) Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the Pavagada area of Tumkur district, South India using remote sensing and GIS techniques. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 32:351–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yildiz O (2004) An investigation of the effect of drainage density on hydrologic response. Turk J Eng Environ Sci 28:85–94

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mannan Bashir Wani, Syed Ahmad Ali & Umair Ali

Authors
  1. Mannan Bashir Wani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Syed Ahmad Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Umair Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mannan Bashir Wani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

    Vijay P Singh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, AISECT University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Shalini Yadav

  3. AISECT University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India

    Ram Narayan Yadava

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Wani, M.B., Ali, S.A., Ali, U. (2018). Flood Assessment of Lolab Valley from Watershed Characterization Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. In: Singh, V., Yadav, S., Yadava, R. (eds) Hydrologic Modeling. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 81. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5801-1_26

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation