Abstract
Nitrate percolates through deep vadose zone before entering groundwater. In the previous few years, researchers have only focused on the movement of nitrate up to the root zone depth of the crops. Few studies have been done on movement of nitrate in unsaturated region beyond root zone depth. In the present paper, spatial and temporal nitrate transportation in deep vadose zone has been studied. A case study, considering the hydrogeological features of alluvial plain, has been done for nitrate transportation in deep vadose zone. Heterogeneity in the subsurface layers of vadose zone has also been incorporated in this study. The fate of nitrate plume for varying concentration has been studied. The results in this study mainly quantify nitrate flux along with water flux, pressure head, and water content in various heterogeneous layers before entering groundwater table. Simulation results suggest that heterogeneity with dual permeability has a profound impact on nitrate transport in vadose zone.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al-Adamat RA, Foster ID, Baban SM (2003) Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping for the Basaltic aquifer of the Azraq basin of Jordan using GIS, remote sensing and DRASTIC. Appl Geog 23(4):303–324
Bear J (1972) Dynamics of fluids in porous media. American Elsevier, New York
Botros FE, Harter T, Onsoy YS, Tuli A, Hopmans JW (2009) Spatial variability of hydraulic properties and sediment characteristics in a deep alluvial unsaturated zone. Vadose Zone J 8(2):276. doi:10.2136/vzj2008.0087
Brooks RH, Corey AT (1966) Properties of porous media affecting fluid flow. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 92(IR2):61–87. Retrieved from http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?14175
Gärdenäs AI, Šimůnek J, Jarvis N, van Genuchten MT (2006) Two-dimensional modelling of preferential water flow and pesticide transport from a tile-drained field. J Hydrol 329(3–4):647–660. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.03.021
Gardner WR (1958) Some steady-state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from a water table. Soil sci 85(4):228–232
Gupta PK, Ranjan S, Yadav BK (2013) BTEX biodegradation in soil-water system having different substrate concentrations. Int J Eng Res Technol (IJERT) 2(12), 1765–1772. ISSN: 2278-0181
Haverkamp R, Vauclin M, Touma J, Wierenga PJ, Vachaud G (1977) A comparison of numerical simulation models for one-dimensional infiltration. Soil Sci Soc Am J 41(2):285–294
Hutson JL, Wagenet RJ (1992) LEACHM: leaching estimation and chemistry model. Research series no. 92-3, Cornell University, Ithaca
Jahangeer, Gupta PK, Yadav BK (2017) Transient water flow and nitrate movement simulation in partially saturated zone. J Irrig Drain Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001238
Kumar D, Tomar J, Gupta PK, Yadav BK (2015) Engineered in situ bioremediation: an emerging technology for contaminated groundwater remediation. In: Fifth international conference on plants & environmental pollution (ICPEP-5), CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 24–27 Feb 2015, p 184 (Book-of-Abstracts)
Molina JAE, Richards K (1984) Simulation models of the nitrogen and carbon cycle in the soil-water-plant system, NCSWAP. Guide for the preparation of input data files and execution of NCSWAP. Soil Series 116. Department of Soil Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA
Mualem Y (1976) A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resour Res 12(3):513–522
Onsoy YS, Harter T, Ginn TR, Horwath WR (2005) Spatial variability and transport of nitrate in a deep alluvial vadose zone. Vadose Zone J 4(1):41–54. doi:10.2113/4.1.41
Russo D (1988) Determining Soil hydraulic properties by parameter estimation: on the selectionof a model for the hydraulic properties. Water Resour Res 24(March):453–459
RZWQM Team (1995) RZWQM user’s manual. GPSR Technical Report. No. 5, USDA-ARS, Great Plains Systems Research, Fort Collins, CO
Scheidegger AE (1960) Growth of instabilities on displacement fronts in porous media. Phys Fluids 3(1):94–104
Simunek J, Jarvis NJ, van Genuchten MT, Gardenas A (2003) Review and comparison of models for describing non-equilibrium and preferential flow and transport in the vadose zone. J Hydrol 272:14–35. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00252-4
Simunek J, Van Genuchten M (1994) The chain_2d code for simulating two-dimensional movement of water flow, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated porous media, version 1.1 USSL research report no. 136. Laboratory publication
Soutter M, Pannatier Y (1996) Groundwater vulnerability to pesticide contamination on a regional scale. J Environ Qual 25(3):439–444
USEPA (1990). Estimated national occurrence and exposure to nitrate and nitrite in public drinking water supplies. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC
Van Genuchten MT (1980) A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am j 44(5):892–898
Vogel HJ, Weller U, Ippisch O (2010) Non-equilibrium in soil hydraulic modelling. J Hydrol 393(1–2):20–28. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.03.018
Vrba J, Zaporozec A (1994) Guidebook on mapping groundwater vulnerability. Heise
Wang SX, Wang ZH, Cheng XT, Li J, Sang ZP, Zhang XD, Wang ZQ (2007) Arsenic and fluoride expose in drinking water: children’s IQ and growth in Shanyin Country, Shanxi Province, China. Environ Health Perspect 115(4):643–647. doi:10.1289/ehp.9270
Yadav BK, Shrestha SR, Hassanizadeh SM (2012) Biodegradation of toluene under seasonal and diurnal fluctuations of soil-water temperature. Water Air Soil Pollut 223(7):3579–3588. doi:10.1007/s11270-011-1052-x
Zhang R (1997) CHAIN-IR: irrigation simulations of water flow and solute transport with nitrogen transformation version 1.1. Report No. B-1961. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jahangeer, Gupta, P.K., Yadav, B.K. (2018). Spatial and Temporal Nitrate Transport in Deep Heterogeneous Vadose Zone of India’s Alluvial Plain. In: Singh, V., Yadav, S., Yadava, R. (eds) Groundwater. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 76. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5789-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5789-2_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5788-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5789-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)