Abstract
After nearly 40 years of reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in economic development. However, the advancement of sustainable development is faced with more difficult internal choices and huge external challenges. At present, the imbalance of economic development in the eastern, central and western regions of China is prominent, and the industrial structure is in urgent need of being further adjusted and optimized, particularly the traditional industries that are faced with great difficulties in development and reform. At the same time, due to the characteristics of China’s economic structure and the changes of the international economic environment in recent years, China’s economy has shown a clear imbalance to the outside, which in turn exacerbates the imbalance in the economy, wherein the continued expansion of the trade surplus is not only an outstanding performance of China’s internal and external economic imbalances, but also a “lame excuse” used by western countries led the United States to promote and implement trade protectionism. In addition, the sign of recession is obvious in Europe, the economic recovery in the United States lacks motive power, and Japan’s economy is in continuous downturn. The world powers seem vulnerable, and the chaos of the world economic pattern has been looming out of the crisis of global governance. At the same time, influenced by the development trend of the multi-level world structure and the strategic layout of the world and regional powers in the Asia Pacific region, China’s surrounding environment is becoming more and more complicated. In view of this, the challenge of the international pattern is not the new cold war, but the disorder of the world order. The disorder brings anxiety, and the anxiety leads to populism. The Brexit, Trump phenomenon and Erdogan phenomenon are all expressions of anxiety. How will China safe against a rainy day? How to maintain a strategic concentration in the complex and unpredictable international situation and furthest avoid the “cooperation dilemma” in the development of relations with neighboring countries through playing the linkage effects of internal and external development based on geographical advantage and competitive advantage?
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Notes
- 1.
Jin Canrong: A Correct Understanding of the Influence of “The Belt and Road” Strategy on the International Situation, http://news.gdufs.edu.cn/Item/87426.aspx. Chinese how to take precautions?
- 2.
The issuance of The Documents Concerning the Vision and Action of Jointing Building “The Belt and Road”, World Wide Web. http://world.huanqiu.com/hot/2015-03/6037723.html.
- 3.
The Launch of the Planning for the Six Economic Corridor in the “The Belt and Road”, China.Com http://www.china.com.cn/opinion/think/2015-05/28/content_35680924.html.
- 4.
Zhu (2016, p. 1).
- 5.
Zhang (2015, p. 102).
- 6.
Cottrell and Burrell (1976).
- 7.
Zhang (2015, p. 347).
- 8.
Panikkar (1965).
- 9.
Cottrell and Burrell (1976).
- 10.
Song (2004, p. 21).
- 11.
Yang (2015).
- 12.
Yang (2012).
- 13.
Kaplan (2013).
- 14.
Zheng Di: On the Penetration of Islamic State of South Asia, World Wide Web, http://world.huanqiu.com/hot/2015-09/7512883.html.
- 15.
Li and Dewen (2008).
- 16.
- 17.
Zhao (2012).
- 18.
Yi (2015).
- 19.
Song (2004, p. 20).
- 20.
Zhu (2016, p. 2).
- 21.
[America] Spykman (1965).
- 22.
[America] Brzezinski (2007).
- 23.
Jisi (2016, p. 109).
- 24.
Huang Renwei: “The Belt and Road Initiative” is the Experimental Field for the New Concept of International Order, People.com.cn, http://world.people.com.cn/n/2015/0705/c1002-27255803.html.
- 25.
Zhu and An (2015).
- 26.
Yan (2015).
- 27.
Shi Yinhong: The Promotion of “The Belt and Road” Construction Requires “Prudent” Mentality, People.com.cn, http://world.people.com.cn/n/2015/0705/c1002-27256546.html.
- 28.
Li Xiangyang: Implement and Uphold the Right Idea of Moral and Profit of “The Belt and Road”, China.com.cn, http://www.china.com.cn/opinion/think/2017-02/27/content_40368781.htm.
- 29.
Zhang Yunling: Focus on “The Belt and Road Initiative”, Chinese Social Sciences, http://www.cssn.cn/jjx/jjx_gd/201407/t20140731_1274694.shtml.
- 30.
Zhu (2016, p. 5).
- 31.
Iran Threatened to Blockade the Strait of Hormuz, the strategic channel of World Petroleum Transport, Xinhuanet.com, http://news.sohu.com/20070108/n247489865.shtml.
- 32.
Li Zhonglin: On the Monroe Doctrine of the Indian Version, Observer, http://www.guancha.cn/america/2010_12_17_52282.shtml.
- 33.
Jisi (2016, p. 110).
- 34.
Jisi (2016, p. 98).
- 35.
Zhu (2016, p. 5).
- 36.
Zhu (2016, p. 10).
- 37.
Lili (2010).
- 38.
Zheng and Liu (2015).
- 39.
Li and Li (2015).
- 40.
The Speech Delivered by Ambassador Sun Weidong on the Seminar of “China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Opportunities and Challenges”, March 6, 2017, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cepk/chn/zbgx/t1444827.htm.
- 41.
Transportation Infrastructure is of Priority in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor CRCC and REG anticipate the layout, people.com.cn, http://ccnews.people.com.cn/n/2015/0423/c141677-26891468.html.
- 42.
Lin Minwang: Is the Relationship Between China and India, off track? Observer, http://www.guancha.cn/LinMingWang/2016_11_04_379443.shtml.
- 43.
The Release of the Joint Statement Between China and India, xinhuanet.com, http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2015-05-15/164231837337.shtml.
- 44.
China-Bangladesh Economic and Trade Cooperation Forum Was Held in Dhaka, http://www.ccpit.org/Contents/Channel_3434/2016/1016/704160/content_704160.htm.
- 45.
Zhu Zhenxin, Yang Xiao: On the Progress of “The Belt and Road” (Policy chapter &; Country chapter), http://www.360doc.com/content/17/0221/16/37879896_630868414.shtml.
- 46.
The Embassy in Maldives Held the First Seminar of “The Belt and Road”, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/zwbd_673032/gzhd_673042/t1417621.shtml.
- 47.
Nepal Prime Minister: “The Belt and Road” Initiative is in Line with the Interests of Both Sides, people.com.cn, http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0322/c1002-28218284.html.
- 48.
Pang Zhongying, One of the Obstacles for “The Belt and Road” is India, Observer, http://www.guancha.cn/PangZhongYing/2015_03_04_310947.shtml.
- 49.
Ma Jiali, India is the Largest Resistance Country for China’s Construction of “The Belt and Road”. http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20150618/13786192_0.shtml.
- 50.
Lou (2015).
- 51.
Han and Tain (2015).
- 52.
See Other Points of View on Such Issues in: Long Xingchun: A Good Grasp of the Real Intention of “ The Belt and Road”, World Wide Web, http://opinion.huanqiu.com/opinion_world/2015-07/7003501.html.
- 53.
Ye Hailin: Must China Strive to Win India’s Support to Participate in the Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road, http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1295387?key=%B3%C9%B6%BC%D6%C6%D7%F7%BC%D9%B1%CF%D2%B5%D6%A4.
- 54.
Mao (2017).
- 55.
Hu Shisheng: India’s Security Cooperation with America and Japan Aims to Attract Investment for the Rise, http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20150615/41111400_0.shtml.
- 56.
Liu and Yang (2015).
- 57.
Raja Mohan (2013).
- 58.
Shivshankar Menon (2016).
- 59.
Srikanth Kondapalli, “China tosses maritime silk route bait to India”, https://www.indiawrites.org/china-tosses-maritime-silk-route-bait-to-india/.
- 60.
Tellis (2013).
- 61.
Vijay Sakhuja, Xi Jinping and the Maritime Silk Road: The Indian Dilemma, http://www.ipcs.org/article/china/xi-jinping-and-the-maritime-silk-road-the-indian-dilemma-4662.html.
- 62.
India Fears to be Surrounded by China and Strengthen the Military Cooperation with America and Japan, reference news network, http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/world/20151016/966929.shtml.
- 63.
Zhu (2016).
- 64.
Sardesi (2016).
- 65.
Raja Mohan [Print]: Mr Modi’s World: The Expansion of India’s Sphere of Influence, translated by Zhu Cuiping, Yang Yishuang, Social Sciences Academic Press, p. 199.
- 66.
Ye (2016, p. 8).
- 67.
Brewster (2016).
- 68.
Raja Mohan [Print]: Mr Modi’s World: The Expansion of India’s Sphere of Influence, translated by Zhu Cuiping, Yang Yishuang, Social Sciences Academic Press, p. 122.
- 69.
Zhao (2014).
- 70.
Liu (2017).
- 71.
Ye (2016, p. 10).
- 72.
Zhao (2010).
- 73.
Zhang (2015, p. 307).
- 74.
Zhu (2015, p. 10).
- 75.
Zhu (2015, p. 10).
- 76.
Li Ziguo: The Driving Force of the People-to-people Bond in “The Belt and Road”, http://www.faobserver.com/NewsInfo.aspx? Id=11891.
- 77.
Yohm (2014).
- 78.
The Speech Delivered by Xi Jinping on the India World Affairs Council, xinhuanet.com, http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-09/19/c_1112539621.htm.
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Zhu, C. (2018). OBOR and South Asia. In: India’s Ocean. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5726-7_8
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