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Geopolitical Calculus and the Modi’s Strategy

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India’s Ocean

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Abstract

In May 2014, Narendra Modi overwhelmingly won the general election, which surprised the world. It’s widely believed that India has elected a strong leader and Indian masses seemed to see the new hope of reshaping Indian international image and reviving domestic economy. With the overseas attention and the expectations of the Indian domestic masses seemed to see the new hope of reshaping Indian international image and reviving domestic economy. With the overseas attention and the expectations of the Indian public, the glamorous strong-minded leader began his ruling career. During the 2 years after he took office, with his concept of governance and means of administration Modi has indeed injected new vitality into India concerning its development both inside and outside. Under the leadership of Modi, India is moving towards the great goal of becoming a “global leader”. In addition to becoming the fastest-growing economy in the globe, India’s great power development strategy also takes on some new features, which thereby has certain impact on the Sino-India relations. From a geopolitical perspective, on the basis of the examination of India’s geopolitical imagination, basic strategic thinking and diplomatic practices, this chapter analyzes the changes in Modi’s great power strategy, economic strategy and diplomatic strategy and discusses the trend of India’s foreign policy towards China after Modi’s ruling and the possibility of the Sino-Indian strategic connection.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    [UK] Mackinder (2010).

  2. 2.

    [UK] Mackinder (1965).

  3. 3.

    [US] Speakman (1965).

  4. 4.

    [Italy] Douhet (2013).

  5. 5.

    [US] Brzezinski (2007, p. 33).

  6. 6.

    Sun (2000).

  7. 7.

    Ge (2015b).

  8. 8.

    Zeng (2016).

  9. 9.

    Zhou (2014).

  10. 10.

    [US] Kissinger (2015, p. 16).

  11. 11.

    Raja Mohan (2012, p. 191).

  12. 12.

    [India] Nehru (1956, p. 170).

  13. 13.

    [India] Nehru (1956, p. 716).

  14. 14.

    Raja Mohan (2012, p. 190).

  15. 15.

    [US] Kissinger (2015, p. 268).

  16. 16.

    [India] Panikkar (1965, p. 88).

  17. 17.

    [India] Nehru (1956, p. 57).

  18. 18.

    Brewster (2016a).

  19. 19.

    Cohen (2011), Quoted from: Zhao (2013)

  20. 20.

    Brewster (2016b).

  21. 21.

    Brewster (2016c).

  22. 22.

    Khilnani et al. (2012).

  23. 23.

    Raja Mohan (2012, pp. 190–191).

  24. 24.

    Zhu (2015a).

  25. 25.

    Raja Mohan, p. 190.

  26. 26.

    [India] Panikkar (1965, p. 89).

  27. 27.

    [US] Kissinger (2009, p. 95).

  28. 28.

    [US] Brzezinski (2007, p. 38).

  29. 29.

    Raja Mohan (2015, p. 198).

  30. 30.

    Raja Mohan (2015, p. 190).

  31. 31.

    D. Suba Chandran, The Indo-Pacific: India’s Look East 3.0, http://www.ipcs.org/article/india/the-indo-pacific-indias-look-east-30-3843.html.

  32. 32.

    Zhu (2014a).

  33. 33.

    Zhu (2015b).

  34. 34.

    Li (2015).

  35. 35.

    Ye (2015).

  36. 36.

    Daniel (2015).

  37. 37.

    [UK] Pilling et al. (2014).

  38. 38.

    “Indian Miracle Mirage”, hexun.com, August 2, 2012, http://news.hexun.com/2012-08-02/144295487.html.

  39. 39.

    “India: The Next Hub of the Global Manufacturing Sector?” xinhuanet.com, February 5, 2015, http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2015-02/05/c_127459968.htm.

  40. 40.

    Fude (2015).

  41. 41.

    Pan (2014).

  42. 42.

    She and Lu (2015).

  43. 43.

    “Indian Finance Minister: India will Increase the Infrastructure Budget in the Next Fiscal Year”, sina.com, January 7, 2016. http://finance.sina.com.cn/money/forex/hbfx/2016-01-07/doc-ifxnkeru4737348.shtml.

  44. 44.

    “Foreign Media: There is no doubt that India will Exceed China in Economy; Modi will Double the Budget for Infrastructure,” ifeng.com, June 1, 2015; http://toutiao.com/a4452117136/.

  45. 45.

    “Modi Administration Selected the Eight Electronic Manufacturing Center to Promote the Development of the Manufacturing Sector,” Economic and Commercial Office of PRC Consulate General in Mumbai, June 18; http://bombay.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201406/20140600629962.shtml.

  46. 46.

    “With its Economic Growth of 7% in 2015—India will Become a Next China?”, QQ.com, March 3, 2016, http://finance.qq.com/original/MissMoney/mm0132.html.

  47. 47.

    “India: The Next Hub of the Global Manufacturing Sector?” paper.cnstock.com; February 5, 2015, http://paper.cnstock.com/html/2015-02/05/content_488689.htm.

  48. 48.

    “Modi Economics is Intended to Create a Friendly Investment Environment,” xinhuanet.com, September 22, 2014; http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2014-09/22/c_127013316.htm.

  49. 49.

    “Indian Media: Japan has Decided to Establish “Japan Industrial Parks” at the 11 Locations in India”, ifeng.com; May 8, 2015. http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20150508/13692451_0.shtml.

  50. 50.

    The World Bank: Indian Business Environment has Improved Significantly, huanqiu.com; October 30, 2015, http://world.huanqiu.com/hot/2015-10/7878292.html.

  51. 51.

    “G20 Multination Appeal Structural Reforms to Cope with the Economic Downturn,” 21st Century Business Herald, February 26, 2016; http://m.21jingji.com/article/20160226/herald/103460cd2ad3da8ad030bdb4f691c17d.html.

  52. 52.

    Ge (2015c).

  53. 53.

    The Caste system is a Stumbling Block to the Sustained High Growth of the Indian GDP, China.com, February 24, 2016; http://finance.china.com/zlpsym/11176434/20160224/21595186.html.

  54. 54.

    Ge (2015a).

  55. 55.

    Raja Mohan (2015, p. 201).

  56. 56.

    Raja Mohan (2015, p. 97).

  57. 57.

    “US Media Advocated to Resolve the South China Sea Disputes in the Way adopted by both Bangladesh and India—Beautify the Mode of International Arbitration” huanqiu.com, August 1, 2014; http://world.huanqiu.com/exclusive/2014-08/5092720.html.

  58. 58.

    Raja Mohan (2015, pp. 43–45).

  59. 59.

    Shi (2012).

  60. 60.

    Zhu (2015b).

  61. 61.

    Chacko (2014).

  62. 62.

    [US] Brzezinski (2007, p. 44).

  63. 63.

    Van Der Wusten and Dijkink (2002).

  64. 64.

    Zhu (2014b).

  65. 65.

    Promote the Vision and Action of Jointly Building the “Belt and Road” (full text), chinanews.com, March 28, 2015, http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2015/03-28/7166484.shtml.

  66. 66.

    Yi (2016).

  67. 67.

    Ye (2015).

  68. 68.

    Zhu (2013b).

  69. 69.

    Lili (2010).

  70. 70.

    Liu (2010).

  71. 71.

    Zhu (2013a).

  72. 72.

    Zhao (2012).

  73. 73.

    [US] Brzezinski (2007, p. 38).

  74. 74.

    Singh et al. (2012).

  75. 75.

    Xi Jinping’s Speech at the Indian Council of World Affairs, fmprc.gove.cn, September 18, 2014, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_677220/1209_677230/t1192744.shtml.

  76. 76.

    Li Keqiang Met with Indian Prime Minister Modi, xinhuanet.com, November 2, 2015, http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-11/21/c_1117216984.htm.

  77. 77.

    Ye (2014).

  78. 78.

    Raja Mohan (2015, p. 97).

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  1. Research Institute for Indian Ocean Economies, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan, China

    Cuiping Zhu

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Zhu, C. (2018). Geopolitical Calculus and the Modi’s Strategy. In: India’s Ocean. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5726-7_4

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