Abstract
As the third largest ocean in the world, the Indian Ocean covers an area of 74.9 million km2 and is surrounded by Asia, Oceania, Africa and Antarctica. It is separated from the Pacific Ocean in the southeast by the longitude line from southeast corner of Tasmania to the Antarctic continent. In the southwest, the longitude line across Cape Agulhas of South Africa forms a boundary between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.
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Notes
- 1.
Reunion marked France means that it is an island of France.
- 2.
[U.S.A] Cottrell and Burrell (1976, p. 7).
- 3.
- 4.
[U.S.A] Mahan (2012, p. 21).
- 5.
Panikkar (1965a, p. 14).
- 6.
Panikkar (1965a, p. 15).
- 7.
Kaplan (2011, p. 4).
- 8.
[U.S.] Cottrell and Burrell (1976, p. 52).
- 9.
[U.S.] Cottrell and Burrell (1976, p. 32).
- 10.
[U.S.] Kaplan (2011, p. 7).
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
Geng (2009, p. 1).
- 14.
[U.S.] Mahan (2012, p. 17).
- 15.
[U.S.] Mahan (2011, p. 167).
- 16.
[India] Panikkar (1965b, p. 32).
- 17.
[U.S.] Stavrianos (2005, p. 412).
- 18.
[U.S.] Cottrell and Burrell (1976, p. 20).
- 19.
[India] Panikkar (1965b, p. 41).
- 20.
[U.S.] Kaplan (2011, p. 293).
- 21.
[U.S.] Mahan (2012, p. 1).
- 22.
[U.S.] Mahan (2011, p. 3).
- 23.
[India] Panikkar (1965b, pp. 81–96).
- 24.
[India] Panikkar (1965b, pp. 80–96).
- 25.
Quoting: [U.S.] Cottrell and Burrell (1976, p. 108).
- 26.
[U.S.] Cottrell and Burrell (1976, p. 18).
- 27.
Clinton (2011).
- 28.
Kaplan (2009).
- 29.
Kaplan (2011, p. 9).
- 30.
Holmes and Yoshihara (2008).
- 31.
Mohan (2012, pp. 56–57).
- 32.
Kaplan (2011, p. 8).
- 33.
Song (2008).
- 34.
Rong et al. (2013, p. 37).
- 35.
Rong et al. (2013, p. 43).
- 36.
Gunaratna (2012).
- 37.
Waltz (1993).
- 38.
Lai (2011).
- 39.
Commander of the U.S. Pacific Command Admitting China Ending US’ Absolute Control over the Pacific, Reference News, January 17, 2014.
- 40.
Clinton (2011).
- 41.
Yali (2012).
- 42.
Sikri (2009, p. 249).
- 43.
American Department of Defense (2012, p. 2).
- 44.
Zhu (2013, p. 4).
- 45.
Wu (2012, p. 45).
- 46.
Indian Maritime Doctrine, Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence (Navy), India, 2004.
- 47.
Mehta (2007).
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Zhu, C. (2018). Turbulence of the Indian Ocean. In: India’s Ocean. Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5726-7_1
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