Abstract
Over the last decades, monogonont rotifers have proven to be excellent experimental models for life history studies. Their short life cycle and the ease of culturing rotifers facilitate experimental studies over one or several generations. Clonal reproduction allows the same genotype to be replicated over an essentially unlimited number of factors and factor combinations. Altogether this has led to a myriad of studies on how different factors can affect life history variables in rotifers. The purpose of this review is to give an overview on the main life history traits of the rotifer life cycle and to summarize the basic sources of variation of these life history traits, i.e., phenotypic plasticity (external factors affecting life history variables of individual genotypes within one generation), genetic variation (genotypic differences among individuals), and other sources of variation (maternal effects, transgenerational effects, developmental stochasticity).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Alcantara-Rodriguez JA, Ciros-Perez J, Ortega-Mayagoitia E, Serrania-Soto CR, Piedra-Ibarra E (2012) Local adaptation in populations of a Brachionus group plicatilis cryptic species inhabiting three deep crater lakes in Central Mexico. Freshw Biol 57:728–740. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02738.x
Aparici E, Carmona MJ, Serra M (1998) Sex allocation in haplodiploid cyclical parthenogens with density-dependent proportion of males. Am Nat 152:652–657. doi:10.1086/286196
Aparici E, Carmona M, Serra M (2001) Variability for mixis initiation in Brachionus plicatilis. Hydrobiologia 446(447):45–50
Atkinson D (1994) Temperature and organism size—a biological law for ectotherms? Adv Ecol Res 25:1–58
Becks L, Agrawal AF (2010) Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Nature 468:89–92. doi:10.1038/nature09449
Becks L, Agrawal AF (2012) The evolution of sex is favoured during adaptation to new environments. PLoS Biol 10:11. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001317
Bennett WN, Boraas ME (1988) Isolation of a fast-growing strain of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas using turbidostat culture. Aquaculture 73:27–36
Boraas ME (1983) Population dynamics of food-limited rotifers in two-stage chemostat culture. Limnol Oceanogr 28:546–563
Bozovic V, Enesco HE (1986) Effect of antioxidants on rotifer lifespan and activity. Age 9:41–45
Campillo S, Garcia-Roger EM, Carmona MJ, Gomez A, Serra M (2009) Selection on life-history traits and genetic population divergence in rotifers. J Evol Biol 22:2542–2553
Carmona MJ, Serra M, Miracle MR (1994) Effect of population density and genotype on life-history traits in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis O.F. Müller. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 182:223–235
Carmona MJ, Dimas-Flores N, Garcia-Roger EM, Serra M (2009) Selection of low investment in sex in a cyclically parthenogenetic rotifer. J Evol Biol 22:1975–1983. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01811.x
Carmona M, Dimas-Flores N, Montero-Pau J, Serra M (2011) Effect of experimental methodology on estimation of density at sex initiation in cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers. Hydrobiologia 662:131–139
Chen F, Xi Y-L, Ge Y-L, Xu X-P (2005) Life history traits of mictic females in two strains of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera). J Freshw Ecol 20:321–326
Conde-Porcuna J (1998) Chemical interference by Daphnia on Keratella: a life table experiment. J Plankton Res 20:1637–1644
Dahms HU, Hagiwara A, Lee JS (2011) Ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, and mechanistic studies with rotifers. Aquat Toxicol 101:1–12. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.09.006
Enesco HE, Verdone-Smith C (1980) Alpha-tocopherol increases lifespan in the rotifer Philodina. Exp Gerontol 15:335–338
Felsenstein J (1985) Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am Nat 125:1–15
Flores-Burgos J, Sarma S, Nandini S (2005) Effect of single species or mixed algal (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus acutus) diets on the life table demography of Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus patulus (Rotifera: Brachionidae). Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 33:614–621
Fussmann GF, Ellner SP, Hairston NG Jr (2003) Evolution as a critical component of plankton dynamics. P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci 270:1015–1022. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2335
Gallardo WG, Hagiwara A, Tomita Y, Soyano K, Snell TW (1997) Effect of some vertebrate and invertebrate hormones on the population growth, mictic female production, and body size of the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller. Hydrobiologia 358:113–120
Garcia C, De Jesús Chaparro-Herrera D, Nandini S, Sarma S (2007) Life-history strategies of Brachionus havanaensis subject to kairomones of vertebrate and invertebrate predators. Chem Ecol 23:303–313
García-García G, Sarma SSS, Núñez-Orti AR, Nandini S (2014) Effects of the mixture of two endocrine disruptors (ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel) on selected ecological endpoints of Anuraeopsis fissa and Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera). Int Rev Hydrobiol 99:166–172. doi:10.1002/iroh.201301721
Garland T, Adolph SC (1994) Why not to do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiol Zool:797–828
Garland T, Harvey PH, Ives AR (1992) Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Syst Biol 41:18–32
Geng H, Xie P (2008) Experimental studies on the effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7820 on the survival and reproduction of two freshwater rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus rubens. Ecotoxicology 17:709–715
Gilbert JJ (1963) Mictic female production in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. J Exp Zool 153:113–124. doi:10.1002/jez.1401530204
Gilbert JJ (2002) Endogenous regulation of environmentally induced sexuality in a rotifer: a multigenerational parental effect induced by fertilisation. Freshw Biol 47:1633–1641. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00900.x
Gilbert JJ (2003) Environmental and endogenous control of sexuality in a rotifer life cycle: developmental and population biology. Evol Dev 5:19–24
Gilbert JJ (2004) Population density, sexual reproduction and diapause in monogonont rotifers: new data for Brachionus and a review. J Limnol 63:32–36
Gilbert JJ (2007) Induction of mictic females in the rotifer Brachionus: oocytes of amictic females respond individually to population-density signal only during oogenesis shortly before oviposition. Freshw Biol 52:1417–1426
Gilbert JJ (2013) The cost of predator-induced morphological defense in rotifers: experimental studies and synthesis. J Plankton Res 35:461–472. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbt017
Gilbert JJ, Waage JK (1967) Asplanchna, Asplanchna-substance, and posterolateral spine length variation of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus in a natural environment. Ecology 14:1027–1031
Gomez A, Serra M (1996) Mate choice in male Brachionus plicatilis rotifers. Funct Ecol 10:681–687. doi:10.2307/2390502
Gribble KE, Welch DB (2013) Life-span extension by caloric restriction is determined by type and level of food reduction and by reproductive mode in Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera). J Gerontol A: Biol Sci Med Sci 68:349–358. doi:10.1093/gerona/gls170
Guo RX, Snell TW, Yang JX (2011) Ecological strategy of rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) exposed to predator- and competitor-conditioned media. Hydrobiologia 658:163–171. doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0459-5
Guo R, Ren X, Ren H (2012) Effects of dimethoate on rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus using multigeneration toxicity tests. J Environ Sci Health B 47:883–890
Hagiwara A, Kadota Y, Hino A (2005) Maternal effect by stem females in Brachionus plicatilis: effect of starvation on mixis induction in offspring. Hydrobiologia 546:275–279. doi:10.1007/s10750-005-4208-0
Halbach U (1970) Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Populationsdynamik des planktischen Rädertieres Brachionus calyciflorus. Oecologia 4:176–207
Herzig A (1983) Comparative studies on the relationship between temperature and duration of embryonic development of rotifers. Hydrobiologia 104:237–246. doi:10.1007/BF00045974
Hessen DO, Jensen TC, Kyle M, Elser JJ (2007) RNA responses to N- and P-limitation; reciprocal regulation of stoichiometry and growth rate in Brachionus. Funct Ecol 21:956–962. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01306.x
Huang L, Xi Y-L, Zha C-W, Zhao L-L (2007) Effect of aldrin on life history characteristics of rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 79:524–528
Huang L, Xi Y, Xu X, Wen X (2012) Responses in population growth and reproduction of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus to microcystin-LR at different temperatures. Ann Limnol Int J Limnol 48. Cambridge University Press:383–390
Huey RB, Kingsolver JG (1989) Evolution of thermal sensitivity of ectotherm performance. Trends Ecol Evol 4:131–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90211-5
Kauler P, Enesco HE (2011) The effect of temperature on life history parameters and cost of reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. J Freshw Ecol 26:399–408
Kleiven OT, Larsson P, Hobæk A (1992) Sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna requires three stimuli. Oikos 65:197–206. doi:10.2307/3545010
Korstad J, Olsen Y, Vadstein O (1989) Life-history characteristics of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) fed different algae. Hydrobiologia 186:43–50. doi:10.1007/Bf00048895
Lubzens E, Minkoff G (1988) Influence of the age of algae fed to rotifers Brachionus plicatilis Mueller on the expression of mixis in their progenies. Oecologia 75:430–435
Lubzens E, Minkoff G, Marom S (1985) Salinity dependence of sexual and asexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Mar Biol 85:123–126
Lynch M, Walsh B (1998) Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits. Sinauer, Sunderland
Marcial HS, Hagiwara A (2007) Effect of diazinon on life stages and resting egg hatchability of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Hydrobiologia 593:219–225
Marcial HS, Hagiwara A, Snell TW (2005) Effect of some pesticides on reproduction of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller. Hydrobiologia 546:569–575
Miracle MR, Serra M (1989) Salinity and temperature influence in rotifer life history characteristics. Hydrobiologia 186:81–102
Nogrady T, Wallace RL, Snell TW (1993) Rotifera: biology, ecology and systematics. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague
Oltra R, Todolf R (1997) Effects of temperature, salinity and food level on the life history traits of the marine rotifer Synchaera cecilia valentina, n. subsp. J Plankton Res 19:693–702
Preston BL, Snell TW (2001) Full life-cycle toxicity assessment using rotifer resting egg production: implications for ecological risk assessment. Environ Pollut 114:399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00232-3
Preston BL, Snell TW, Robertson TL, Dingmann BJ (2000) Use of freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus in screening assay for potential endocrine disruptors. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:2923–2928. doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<2923:Uofrbc>2.0.Co;2
Ríos-Arana JV, Walsh EJ, Ortiz M (2007) Interaction effects of multi-metal solutions (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) on life history traits in the rotifer Plationus patulus. J Environ Sci Health A 42:1473–1481
Roff DA (1992) Evolution of life histories: theory and analysis. Springer, New York
Rothhaupt KO (1995) Algal nutrient limitation affects rotifer growth rate but not ingestion rate. Limnol Oceanogr 40:1201–1208
Sarma SSS, Nandini S, Gulati RD (2002) Cost of reproduction in selected species of zooplankton (rotifers and cladocerans). Hydrobiologia 481:89–99. doi:10.1023/A:1021265104165
Sarma S, Martinez-Jeronimo F, Ramirez-Perez T, Nandini S (2006) Effect of cadmium and chromium toxicity on the demography and population growth of Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus patulus (Rotifera). J Environ Sci Health A 41:543–558
Sarma S, Brena-Bustamante P, Nandini S (2008) Body size and population growth of Brachionus patulus (Rotifera) in relation to heavy metal (copper and mercury) concentrations. J Environ Sci Health A 43:547–553
Schröder T (2005) Diapause in monogonont rotifers. Hydrobiologia 546:291–306
Schröder T, Gilbert JJ (2004) Transgenerational plasticity for sexual reproduction and diapause in the life cycle of monogonont rotifers: intraclonal, intraspecific and interspecific variation in the response to crowding. Funct Ecol 18:458–466
Schröder T, Gilbert JJ (2009) Maternal age and spine development in the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus: increase of spine length with birth orders. Freshw Biol 54:1054–1065
Schröder T, Howard S, Arroyo ML, Walsh EJ (2007) Sexual reproduction and diapause of Hexarthra sp. (Rotifera) in short-lived ponds in the Chihuahuan Desert. Freshw Biol 52:1033–1042. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01751.x
Serra M, King CE (1999) Optimal rates of bisexual reproduction in cyclical parthenogens with density-dependent growth. J Evol Biol 12:263–271
Serra M, Smith HA, Weitz JS, Snell TW (2011) Analysing threshold effects in the sexual dynamics of cyclically parthenogenetic rotifer populations. Hydrobiologia 662:121–130. doi:10.1007/s10750-010-0517-z
Smith HA, Snell TW (2012) Rapid evolution of sex frequency and dormancy as hydroperiod adaptations. J Evol Biol 25:2501–2510. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02614.x
Smith HA, Snell TW (2014) Differential evolution of lifespan and fecundity between asexual and sexual females in a benign environment. Int Rev Hydrobiol 99:117–124
Snare DJ, Fields AM, Snell TW, Kubanek J (2013) Lifespan extension of rotifers by treatment with red algal extracts. Exp Gerontol 48:1420–1427. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.09.007
Snell TW (1986) Effect of temperature, salinity and food level on sexual and asexual reproduction in Brachionus plicatilis. Mar Biol 92:157–162
Snell TW, DesRosiers NJD (2008) Effect of progesterone on sexual reproduction of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera). J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 363:104–109. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2008.06.031
Snell TW, Hicks DG (2011) Assessing toxicity of nanoparticles using Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera). Environ Toxicol 26:146–152. doi:10.1002/tox.20538
Snell TW, Janssen CR (1996) Rotifers in ecotoxicology: a review. Rotifera VII. Springer, Tokyo, pp 231–247
Snell T, Joaquim-Justo C (2007) Workshop on rotifers in ecotoxicology. Hydrobiologia 593:227–232. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9045-x
Snell TW, King CE (1977) Lifespan and fecundity patterns in rotifers: the cost of reproduction. Evolution 31:882–890
Snell TW et al (2006) A protein signal triggers sexual reproduction in Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera). Mar Biol 149:763–773. doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0251-2
Snell TW, Fields AM, Johnston RK (2012) Antioxidants can extend lifespan of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera), but only in a few combinations. Biogerontology 13:261–275
Snell TW, Johnston RK, Rabeneck B, Zipperer C, Teat S (2014) Joint inhibition of TOR and JNK pathways interacts to extend the lifespan of Brachionus manjavacas (Rotifera). Exp Gerontol 52:55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.01.022
Stearns SC (1992) The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Stelzer CP (2001) Resource limitation and reproductive effort in a planktonic rotifer. Ecology 82:2521–2533
Stelzer CP (2002) Phenotypic plasticity of body size at different temperatures in a planktonic rotifer: mechanisms and adaptive significance. Funct Ecol 16:835–841
Stelzer CP (2008) Obligate asex in a rotifer and the role of sexual signals. J Evol Biol 21:287–293. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01437.x
Stelzer CP (2011) The cost of sex and competition between cyclical and obligate parthenogenetic rotifers. Am Nat 177:E43–E53. doi:10.1086/657685
Stelzer CP, Snell TW (2003) Induction of sexual reproduction in Brachionus plicatilis (Monogononta, Rotifera) by a density-dependent chemical cue. Limnol Oceanogr 48:939–943
Stelzer CP, Schmidt J, Wiedlroither A, Riss S (2010) Loss of sexual reproduction and dwarfing in a small metazoan. PLoS One 5:e12854. doi:12810.11371/journal.pone.0012854. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012854
Stelzer CP, Riss S, Stadler P (2011) Genome size evolution at the speciation level: the cryptic species complex Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera). BMC Evol Biol 11:90
Stemberger RS (1988) Reproductive costs and hydrodynamic benefits of chemically-induced defenses in Keratella testudo. Limnol Oceanogr 33:593–606
Stemberger RS, Gilbert JJ (1984) Spine development in the rotifer Keratella cochlearis – induction by cyclopoid copepods and Asplanchna. Freshw Biol 14:639–647. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00183.x
Stemberger RS, Gilbert JJ (1985) Body size, food concentration, and population growth in planktonic rotifers. Ecology 66:1151–1159
Stemberger RS, Gilbert JJ (1987) Multiple-species induction of morphological defenses in the rotifer Keratella testudo. Ecology 68:370–378
Stout EP, La Clair JJ, Snell TW, Shearer TL, Kubanek J (2010) Conservation of progesterone hormone function in invertebrate reproduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:11859–11864
Štrojsová M, Suga K, Hagiwara A, Vrba J (2009) Effect of food quantity and quality on population growth rate and digestive activity in the euryhaline rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Müller. Int Rev Hydrobiol 94:706–719
Suchar VA, Chigbu P (2006) The effects of algae species and densities on the population growth of the marine rotifer Colurella dicentra. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 337:96–102
Sun D, Niu C (2012) Adaptive significance of temperature-induced egg size plasticity in a planktonic rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. J Plankton Res. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbs050
Walczyńska A, Serra M (2014a) Inter- and intraspecific relationships between performance and temperature in a cryptic species complex of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Hydrobiologia 734:17–26. doi:10.1007/s10750-014-1859-8
Walczyńska A, Serra M (2014b) Species size affects hatching response to different temperature regimes in a rotifer cryptic species complex. Evol Ecol 28:131–140
Walz N (1995) Rotifer populations in plankton communities: energetics and life history strategies. Experientia 51:437–453
Weisse T, Laufenstein N, Weithoff G (2013) Multiple environmental stressors confine the ecological niche of the rotifer Cephalodella acidophila. Freshw Biol 58:1008–1015. doi:10.1111/Fwb.12104
Weithoff G (2007) Dietary restriction in two rotifer species: the effect of the length of food deprivation on life span and reproduction. Oecologia 153:303–308
Xi Y-L, Huang X-F, Jin H-J (2001) Life history characteristics of three types of females in Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas (Rotifera) fed different algae. Hydrobiologia 446/447:95–98
Xi Y-L, Ge Y-L, Chen F, Wen X-L, Dong L-L (2005) Life history characteristics of three strains of Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) at different temperatures. J Freshw Ecol 20:707–713
Yin XW, Niu CJ (2008) Effect of pH on survival, reproduction, egg viability and growth rate of five closely related rotifer species. Aquat Ecol 42:607–616. doi:10.1007/s10452-007-9136-9
Yoshinaga T, Hagiwara A, Tsukamoto K (1999) Effect of conditioned media on the asexual reproduction of the monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis O.F. Müller. Hydrobiologia 412:103–110
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stelzer, CP. (2017). Life History Variation in Monogonont Rotifers. In: Hagiwara, A., Yoshinaga, T. (eds) Rotifers. Fisheries Science Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5635-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5635-2_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5633-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5635-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)