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Epidemiological Aspects of Photocarcinogenesis

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Photocarcinogenesis & Photoprotection

Abstract

Epidemiologically, it is hard to distinct the effects of component radiations because sunlight is considered as a whole entity. Human skin may experience either acute (immediate reaction) or chronic (repeated) sunlight exposure. UV radiation coming through sunlight is absorbed by human skin and causes various degrees of damage. However, melanin pigment in the skin acts as a natural sunscreen and absorbs and prevents from detrimental consequences of UV radiation. Repeated and extended UV exposure causes development of photoaging, i.e., premature skin aging and photocarcinogenesis. Photo-induced cancers particularly include malignant melanomas and carcinomas, i.e., basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). High-UV radiation environment leads to evolution of permanently dark constitutive pigmentation which is resistant to UV radiation. However, light-skinned people experience premature skin aging on repeated exposure. Therefore, prevalence of photocarcinogenesis is highest in lightly pigmented people (Halder and Bridgeman-Shah: Cancer 75(S2):667–673, 1995). Development of photocarcinogenesis is dependent on various factors including ethnic origin, place of residence, anatomic site exposed, outdoor and indoor activities, total exposure duration, time of exposure, and ambient sunlight intensity. Photocarcinogenesis is predominantly a disease of people of European origin. Its rate is very low in Asia and in the United States. It is more frequently observed in white-skinned than dark-skinned people.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neera Yadav & Monisha Banerjee

Authors
  1. Neera Yadav
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  2. Monisha Banerjee
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monisha Banerjee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ratan Singh Ray

  2. Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Chandana Haldar

  3. Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashish Dwivedi

  4. Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

    Neeraj Agarwal

  5. Photobiology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Jyoti Singh

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Yadav, N., Banerjee, M. (2018). Epidemiological Aspects of Photocarcinogenesis. In: Ray, R., Haldar, C., Dwivedi, A., Agarwal, N., Singh, J. (eds) Photocarcinogenesis & Photoprotection. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5493-8_6

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