Skip to main content

Legal Medicine in the Administration of Health Care

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Textbook of Medical Administration and Leadership
  • 1329 Accesses

Abstract

The medical administrator has diverse responsibilities, many of which are subject to or influenced by specific legal requirements. This chapter is divided into three components: Patient Care, Professionals, and Organisations and Systems. Under the heading of Patient Care, the author discusses adverse events, complaints and negligence. An overview of the law relating to complex ethical and legal issues affecting the care of individual patients including consent to medical treatment, advance care directives, substitute decision-making and withdrawal of treatment is also included in this section, together with an overview of the law relating to organ donation, wills and requirements for reporting to Coroners. In the section on Professionals, the author discusses requirements for registration and mandatory notification under the National Law, credentialing and defining the scope of clinical practice and professional indemnity insurance arrangements, and concludes with a discussion about the professional standards applying to medical administrators. In the section on Organisations and Systems, the author discusses a range of topics with broad application to organisations and the health care system as a whole, including the role of health care complaints bodies, whistle-blower legislation, workplace health and safety, workplace relations and national agreements that establish the roles and responsibilities of various parties in the Australian health care system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wilson RM, Runciman WB, Gibberd RW, et al. The quality in Australian Health Care Study. Med J Aust. 1995;163:458–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Hamilton JD, Gibberd RW, Harrison BT. After the quality in Australian health care study, what happened? Med J Aust. 2014;201(1):23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brennan TA, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients: results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. Qual Saf Health Care. 2004;13:145–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jackson T, Moje C, Shepheard J, McMillan A. Monitoring sentinel events using routine inpatient data. Asia Pac J Health Manage. 2009;4(2):39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  5. (1992) 175 CLR 479 at 483.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lowns v Woods [1996] Aust Torts Reports 81–376.

    Google Scholar 

  7. BT v Oei [1999] NSWSC 1082.

    Google Scholar 

  8. [2014] HCA 44.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002 (ACT) s 5; Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) ss 55–58; Personal Injuries (Liabilities and Damages) Act 2003 (NT) s 8; Law Reform Act 1995 (Qld) ss 15 and 16; Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) s 74; Civil Liability Act 2002 (Tas) ss 35A-35C; Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic) ss 31A-31D; Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA) ss 5AB and 5AD.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Medical Board of Australia. Good Medical Practice; a code of conduct for doctors in Australia. 2010. www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  11. [2013] WASAT 182.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dekker v Medical Board of Australia [2014] WASCA 216.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hoffman v Medical Board of Australia [2012] WASAT 110.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Medical Board of Australia. Frequently asked questions on non-practising registration. 29 July 2013. http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies/FAQ/FAQ-for-non-practising-registration.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  15. Section 139C(c), Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (NSW) No 86a.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW), s.5O; Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic), s.59; Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA), s.5PB; Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA), s.41; Civil Liability Act (Tas), s.22; Civil Liability Act (Qld), s.22.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rogers v Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Samanta A, Samanta J, Gunn M. Legal considerations of clinical guidelines: will NICE make a difference? J R Soc Med. 2003;96(3):133–8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539423/. Accessed 15 Jan 2018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Vissenga v Medical Practitioners Board of Victoria [2004] VCAT 1044.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Jolley v. Sutton London Borough Council [2000] UKHL 31 (18 May 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  21. [2013] HCA 19.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Todorovic v Waller [1981] HCA 72; (1981) 150 CLR 402.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wright EW. National Trends in Personal Injury Litigation. Before and After “Ipp”. (2006) 14 Torts Law Journal 233. https://www.nswbar.asn.au/circulars/Prof%20Wright%20report%20May%2006.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018

  24. [2005] NSWSC 637.

    Google Scholar 

  25. [2005] NSWSC 637 at 64.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Faunce TA, Bolsin SN. Fiduciary disclosure of medical mistakes: the duty to promptly notify patients of adverse health care events. J Law Med. 2005;12(4):478–82. https://law.anu.edu.au/sites/all/files/users/u9705219/jlm_duty_to_promptly_disclose.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. The Australian open disclosure framework. Sydney: ACSQHC; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Update Newsletter. 2008. http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/2008-Special-Ed.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  29. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. The Australian open disclosure framework (March 2013). Sydney: ACSQHC; 2013. s 10.1

    Google Scholar 

  30. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. In: National safety and quality health service standards. 2nd ed. Sydney: ACSQHC; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Studdert DM, Piper D, Iedema R. Legal aspects of open disclosure II: attitudes of health professionals – findings from a national survey. Med J Aust. 2010;193:351–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. AIHW. Australia's medical indemnity claims 2012–13. Safety and quality of health care 15. Cat. No. HSE 149. Canberra: AIHW; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kraman SS, Hamm G. Risk management: extreme honesty may be the best policy. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:963–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Boothman RC, Blackwell AC, Campbell DA Jr, et al. A better approach to medical malpractice claims? The University of Michigan experience. J Health Life Sci Law. 2009;2:125–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Civil Law (Wrongs) Act 2002 (ACT); Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW); Personal Injuries (Liabilities and Damages) Act 2003 (NT); Civil Liability Act 2003 (Qld); Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA); Civil Liability Act 2002 (Tas); Wrongs Act 1958 (Vic); Civil Liability Act 2002 (WA).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Haas M. “Health complaints”. Health Policy Monitor, April 2004. http://hpm.org/en/Surveys/CHERE_-_Australia/03/Health_complaints.html. Accessed 3 Nov 2015.

  37. Medicare Agreements Act 1992 (Cth), section 26.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Haas M. Op cit.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Memorandum of Understanding. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and Health Complaints Entities. http://www.hcscc.sa.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/h_mou-between_ahpra_and_hces_oct10.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  40. NSW Health Care Complaints Commission. The national registration scheme for health practitioners. http://www.hccc.nsw.gov.au/Information/Information-for-health-providers/National-Registration-Scheme. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  41. Office of the Health Ombudsman Queensland. Who can make a complaint? http://www.oho.qld.gov.au/health-service-providers/who-can-make-a-complaint/. Accessed 15 Jan 2015.

  42. Rogers v Whitaker [1992] HCA 58; (1992) 175 CLR 479.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Victorian Law Reform Commission. Guardianship: Final Report. 2012. Ch 7. Capacity and incapacity. http://www.lawreform.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/Guardianship_FinalReport_Ch%207_Capacity%20and%20incapacity.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  44. Australian Law Reform Commission. Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws. Discussion Paper 81. 2014. https://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/whole_dp81.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  45. Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986] 1 AC 112.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Secretary, Department of Health and Community Services v. J.W.B. and S.M.B. (Marion's case.) [1992] HCA 15. 1992. http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/high_ct/175clr218.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(175 CLR 218) - disp1175 CLR 218.

  47. [2013] NSWCA 320.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1978 (ACT) s23, Children and Young Persons (Care and Protection) Act 1998 (NSW) s174, the Human Tissue Act 1982 (Vic) s24, the Consent to Medical Treatment and Palliative Care Act 1995 (SA) s13(5), the Human Tissue and Transplant Act 1982 (WA) s21, the Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1979(Qld) s20, Human Tissue Act 1985 (Tas) s21, Northern Territory: Emergency Medical Operations Act 1973 sections 2 and 3.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Re C [1994] 1 All ER 819, 824 and 825.

    Google Scholar 

  50. NSWSC 761.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Powers of Attorney Act 2006 (ACT); Advance Personal Planning Act 2013 (NT); Powers of Attorney Act 1988 (Qld); Advance Care Directives Act 2013 (SA); Medical Treatment Act 1988 (Vic); Guardianship and Administration Act 1990 (WA).

    Google Scholar 

  52. The Clinical, Technical and ethical principal Committee of the Australian Health Ministers’ advisory council. A National Framework for Advance Care Directives. 2011. http://www.coaghealthcouncil.gov.au/Portals/0/A%20National%20Framework%20for%20Advance%20Care%20Directives_September%202011.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  53. Secretary, Department of Health and Community Services v. J.W.B. and S.M.B. (Marion's case.) [1992] HCA 15. 1992. http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/high_ct/175clr218.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(175 CLR 218) - disp1175 CLR 218; http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/high_ct/175clr218.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=title(175 CLR 218) - disp3.

  54. [2009] WASC 229.

    Google Scholar 

  55. H Ltd v J & anor [2010] SASC 176.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Willmott L, White B, Smith MK, Wilkinson DJ. Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in a patient’s best interests: Australian judicial deliberations. Med J Aust. 201:545–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. R (Burke) v General Medical Council [2005] EWCA Civ 1003, [57] [2005] EWCA Civ 1003; [2006] QB 273.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Keogh W. Law and Ethical Issues in Harvesting Solid Organs for Transplantation from Deceased Infants and Children. Paper presented to the 6th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Sydney, Australia, March 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1978 (ACT); Human Tissue Act 1983 (NSW); Transplantation and Anatomy Act (NT); Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1979 (Qld); Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1983 (SA); Human Tissue Act 1985 (Tas); Human Tissue Act 1982 (Vic); Human Tissue and Transplant Act 1982 (WA).

    Google Scholar 

  60. (1870) LR 5 QB 549.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Wills Act (ACT); Succession Act 2006 (NSW); Wills Act (NT); Succession Act 1981 (Qld); Wills Act 1836 (SA); Wills Act 2008 (Tas); Wills Act 1997 (Vic); Wills Act 1970 (WA).

    Google Scholar 

  62. The Law Society of NSW. When a Client’s Mental Capacity is in Doubt. A Practical Guide for Solicitors. 2016. https://www.lawsociety.com.au/cs/groups/public/documents/internetcontent/1191977.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  63. Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. The role of the Coroner. http://www.vifm.org/our-services/forensic-services/medico-legal-death-investigation/the-role-of-the-coroner/. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  64. Law Reform Commission of Western Australia. Review of Coronial Practice in Western Australia. Final Report. Project no. 100. January 2012. http://www.lrc.justice.wa.gov.au/_files/P100-FR.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  65. Charles A, Ranson D, Bohensky M, Ibrahim JE. Under-reporting of deaths to the coroner by doctors: a retrospective review of deaths in two hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. International Journal for Quality in Health Care; Volume 19, Number 4: pp. 232–236.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Middleton S, Buist MD. Medical-setting deaths and the coroner – laws, penalties and guidelines. Med J Aust. 2014;201(11):679–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Middleton S, Buist M. The coronial reporting of medical setting deaths: a legal analysis of the variation in Australian jurisdictions. Melbourne University Law Review. 2014;37:699–735.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Law Reform Commission of Western Australia. Op cit.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Australian Government Department of Health. National Registration and Accreditation Scheme (NRAS). http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/work-nras. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  70. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Part 5.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law s.113.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Medical Board of Australia. Registration Standards. http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  73. Medical Board of Australia. List of specialties, fields of specialty practice, and related specialist titles. 22 July 2013. http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  74. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law s.75.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law s.129(5).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Health Practitioner Regulation National law s.128(3).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Medical Board of Australia. Recency of Practice Registration Standard. 1 July 2010. http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  78. Medical Board of Australia. Frequently Asked Questions on Non-Practising Registration. http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies/FAQ/FAQ-for-non-practising-registration.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  79. Medical Board of Australia. Medical Registration. What does it mean? Who should be registered? http://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  80. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law, s 141.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law, s 142.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law, s 140.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Health Practitioner National Law (WA) Act 2010, s. 5(7).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Qld), s 141(5).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Australian Council for Safety and Quality in Health Care. National Standard for Credentialing and Defining the Scope of Clinical Practice. July 2004. http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/credentl1.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  86. The Sydney Children’s Hospital Network. NSW State Scope of Clinical Practice Unit. http://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/professionals/professional-resources/nsw-state-scope-of-clinical-practice-unit. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  87. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards, Second Edition. Sydney. ACSQHC, 2017. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/National-Safety-and-Quality-Health-Service-Standards-second-edition.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  88. 30 Mass.L.Rptr. 547 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Roylance v General Medical Council [2000] 1 AC 311.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Medical Board of Queensland v Fitzgerald [2010] QHPT 1.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. The Australian Health Service Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme. https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/assessment-to-the-nsqhs-standards/australian-health-service-safety-and-quality-accreditation-scheme/#The-Australian-Health-Service-Safety-and-Quality-Accreditation-Scheme. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  92. Breen v Williams (1996) 186 CLR 71.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Health Services for Men v D’Souza (2000) 48 NSWLR 448.

    Google Scholar 

  94. [2010] FCA 419.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Primary Health Care Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation [2010]/FCA 419.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Health Practitioner Regulation National Law, s 141(4)(d).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Australian Securities and Investments Commission. Guidance for Whistleblowers. Who is a Whistleblower? http://asic.gov.au/about-asic/asic-investigations-and-enforcement/whistleblowing/guidance-for-whistleblowers/#AmIawhistleblower. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  98. Public Interest Disclosure Act 2012 (ACT); Public Interest Disclosures Act 1994 (NSW); Public Interest Disclosure Act (NT); Public Interest Disclosure Act 2010 (Qld); Whistleblowers Protection Act 1993 (SA); Public Interest Disclosures Act 2002 (Tas); Protected Disclosure Act 2012 (Vic); Public Interest Disclosure Act 2003 (WA)

    Google Scholar 

  99. Wolfe S, Worth M, Dreyfus S, Brown AJ. Whistleblower Protection Rules in G20 Countries: The Next Action Plan. Public Consultation Draft, June 2014. http://transparency.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Action-Plan-June-2014-Whistleblower-Protection-Rules-G20-Countries.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  100. Fair Work Commission. Coverage. National System Coverage. https://www.fwc.gov.au/creating-fair-workplaces/the-national-workplace-relations-system/coverage. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  101. Australian Government Department of Employment. Australia’s National Workplace Relations System. https://employment.gov.au/australias-national-workplace-relations-system. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  102. Australian Government. Fair work ombudsman. Small Business and the Fair Work Act https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/policies-and-guides/best-practice-guides/small-business-and-the-fair-work-act. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  103. Council of Australian Governments. Intergovernmental Agreement for Regulatory and Operational Reform in Occupational Health and Safety. 2008. https://www.coag.gov.au/sites/default/files/agreements/OHS_IGA.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  104. Safe Work Australia. The Law in Your State. https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/law-and-regulation/law-your-state#western-australia-laws. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  105. Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) s 789FD (1).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) s 789FD (2).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Fair Work Ombudsman. Bullying and harassment. https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/bullying-and-harassment. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  108. Fair Work Ombudsman. Op cit.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Council of Australian Governments. The Federal Financial Relations Framework. http://www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au/content/national_agreements.aspx. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  110. National Healthcare Agreement 2012, clause 10. http://www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au/content/npa/health/_archive/healthcare_national-agreement.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  111. National Health Reform Agreement. http://www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au/content/npa/health/_archive/national-agreement.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

  112. National Health Reform Agreement, Schedule B. http://www.federalfinancialrelations.gov.au/content/npa/health/_archive/national-agreement.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2018.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wellington, H. (2019). Legal Medicine in the Administration of Health Care. In: Loh, E., Long, P., Spurgeon, P. (eds) Textbook of Medical Administration and Leadership. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5454-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5454-9_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5453-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5454-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics