Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery pp 69–82Cite as

Evaluation of Epiphora

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Epiphora or watering is one of the most common symptoms of any ocular pathology. Though most cases of epiphora are due to non-patency in the lacrimal outflow pathway, others like eyelid and adnexal disorders and corneal and ocular surface pathology can also manifest as watering. In this context, it is important to distinguish between epiphora and pseudoepiphora or hyperlacrimation. This chapter deals with causes and evaluation of epiphora and its differential diagnosis in a lucid fashion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  1. Hurwitz JJ. The lacrimal system. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996. p. 23–9.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kominek P, Della Rocca RC, Rosebaum S. Diagnostics. In: Weber RK, Keerl R, Schaefer SC, Della Rocca RC, editors. Atlas of lacrimal surgery. New York: Springer Publishers; 2007. p. 29–51.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Lavrich JB, Nelson LB. Disorders of the lacrimal system apparatus. Pediatr Clin N Am. 1993;40:767–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Davey J, Billson FA. Watering eyes: an important sign of congenital glaucoma. Med J Aust. 1974;2:531–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ali MJ, Naik MN, Honavar SG. Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructions secondary to naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures: patterns and outcomes. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28:242–5.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lehto I. Side effects of topical treatment in pigmentary glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol. 1992;70:225–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Collin JR. Epiphora in facial paralysis. Br J Plast Surg. 1993;46:149–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gürdal C, Saraç O, Genç I, et al. Ocular surface and dry eye in Graves’ disease. Curr Eye Res. 2011;36:8–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Murthy R, Honavar SG, Naik M, et al. Centurion syndrome: clinical presentation and surgical outcome. Orbit. 2009;28:269–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Welham RA, Bates AK, Stasior GO. Congenital lacrimal fistula. Eye (Lond). 1992;6:211–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Thomas R, Thomas S, Braganza A, et al. Evaluation of the role of irrigation prior to cataract surgery. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1997;45:211–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Liarakos VS, Boboridis KG, Mavrikakis E, et al. Management of canalicular obstructions. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009;20:395–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Khoubian JF, Kikkawa DO, Gonnering RS. Trephination and silicone stent intubation for the treatment of canalicular obstruction: effect of the level of obstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;22:248–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kashkouli MB, Mirzajani H, Jamshidian-Tehrani M. Reliability of fluorescein dye disappearance test in assessment of adults with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29:167–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. MacEwen CJ, Young JD. The fluorescein disappearance test (FDT): an evaluation of its use in infants. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1991;28:302–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lefebvre DR, Freitag SK. Update on imaging of the lacrimal drainage system. Semin Ophthalmol. 2012;27:175–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Francisco FC, Carvalho AC, Francisco VF, et al. Evaluation of 1000 lacrimal ducts by dacryocystography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:43–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Sagili S, Selva D, Malhotra R. Lacrimal scintigraphy: “interpretation more art than science”. Orbit. 2012;31:77–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Elmorsy SM, Fayk HM. Nasal endoscopic assessment of failure after external dacryocystorhinostomy. Orbit. 2010;29:197–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hakim OM, Mandour W, Elbaz E. Nasal endoscopic visualization and management of the leading causes of probing failure. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2010;47:214–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ghose S, Chhabra MS, Thakar A, et al. Nasal endoscopy in congenital dacryocystitis. Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2006;43:341–5.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kashkouli MB, Mirzajani H, Jamshidian-Tehrani M, et al. Fluorescein dye disappearance test: a reliable test in assessment of success after dacryocystorhinostomy procedure. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31:296–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Somma F, d’Agostino V, Tortora F, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the pre-operative evaluation of obstructive epiphora: true FISP and VIBE vs gadolinium. Radiol Med. 2017;122:123–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Machado MA, Silva JA, Brioschi ML, et al. Using thermography for obstruction of the lower lacrimal system. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2016;79:47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kamal S, Ali MJ, Ali MH, Naik MN. Fourier domain optical coherence tomography with 3D and En Face imaging of the punctum and vertical canaliculus: a step toward establishing a normative database. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;32:170–3.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kamal S, Ali MJ, Naik MN. Incomplete punctal canalization: report of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography features. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31:251–2.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Allam RS, Ahmed RA. Evaluation of the lower punctum parameters and morphology using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography. J Ophthalmol. 2015;2015:591845.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Kauh CY, Gentry LR, Hartig GK. Aspergillus mycetoma causing epiphora and ipsilateral facial pain. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 (Epub).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chon BH, Zhang R, Bardenstein DS, et al. Blood epiphora (hemolacria) years after repair of orbital floor fracture. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 (Epub).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Mansur C, Pfeiffer ML, Esmaeli B. Evaluation and management of chemotherapy induced epiphora, punctal and canalicular stenosis and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;33:9–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ali MJ. Iodine-131 therapy and nasolacrimal duct obstructions. What we know and what we need to know. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;32:243–8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ophthalmic Plastics Surgery, Schroff Eye Hospital, Delhi, India

    Sima Das M.S.

Authors
  1. Sima Das M.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sima Das M.S. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Govindram Seksaria Insitute of Dacryology, L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

    Mohammad Javed Ali

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Das, S. (2018). Evaluation of Epiphora. In: Ali, M. (eds) Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5442-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5442-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5441-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5442-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation