Skip to main content

Debates in Dacryology: The Mitomycin C Dilemma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery
  • 716 Accesses

Abstract

The most common reason for the failure of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery is the formation of scar or granulation tissue over the osteotomy site. From the literature, it is clear that fibrous tissue growth, scarring, and granulation tissue formation during the healing process will decrease or compromise the created surface area of the osteotomy site, leading to surgical failure. Also, the healing process has the potential to promote adhesion of the middle turbinate and septum to the osteotomy site or induce an obstruction of the common canaliculus. Thus, if we can inhibit fibrous tissue growth and scarring by applying antiproliferative agents over the anastomosed flaps and osteotomy site, the failure rate may be minimized. This chapter will examine these aspects in the light of current literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Allen KM, Berlin AJ, Levine HL. Intranasal endoscopic analysis of dacryocystorhinostomy failure. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;4:143–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Jokinen K, Karja J. Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Arch Otolaryngol. 1974;100:41–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. McLachlan DL, Shannon GM, Flanagan JC. Results of dacryocystorhinostomy: analysis of the reoperations. Ophthalmic Surg. 1980;11:427–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Liao SL, Kao SC, Tseng JH, et al. Results of intraoperative mitomycin C application in dacryocystorhinostomy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:903–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Verweij J, Pinedo HM. Mitomycin C: mechanism of action, usefulness and limitations. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 1990;1:5–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Reddy MV, Randerath K. 32P-analysis of DNA adducts in somatic and reproductive tissues of rats treated with the anticancer antibiotic, mitomycin C. Mutat Res. 1987;179:75–88.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Maestrini HA, Cronemberger S, Matoso HD, et al. Late needling of flat filtering blebs with adjunctive mitomycin C: efficacy and safety for the corneal endothelium. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:755–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Reibaldi A, Uva MG, Longo A. Nine-year follow-up of trabeculectomy with or without low-dosage mitomycin-c in primary open-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:1666–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Young AL, Ho M, Jhanji V, et al. Ten-year results of a randomized controlled trial comparing 0.02% mitomycin C and limbal conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:2390–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Diaz L, Villegas VM, Emanuelli A, et al. Efficacy and safety of intraoperative mitomycin C as adjunct therapy for pterygium surgery. Cornea. 2008;27:1119–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen SH, Feng YF, Stojanovic A, et al. Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes comparing surface ablation for correction of myopia with and without 0.02% mitomycin C. J Refract Surg. 2011;27:530–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Xue K, Mellington FE, Norris JH. Meta-analysis of the adjunctive use of mitomycin C in primary and revision, external and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Orbit. 2014;33:239–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Feng YF, Yu JG, Shi JL, et al. A meta-analysis of primary external dacryocystorhinostomy with and without mitomycin C. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2012;19:364–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Occleston NL, Daniels JT, Tarnuzzer RW, et al. Single exposures to antiproliferatives: long-term effects on ocular fibroblast wound-healing behaviour. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:1998–2007.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kim JW, Kim SK, Song IH, et al. Mitomycin C-induced apoptosis in cultured human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts. Korean J Ophthalmol. 1999;13:7–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hu D, Chen PP, Oda D. The effect of mitomycin C after long-term storage on human Tenon’s fibroblast proliferation. J Glaucoma. 1999;8:302–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Jampel HD. Effect of brief exposure to mitomycin C on viability and proliferation of cultured human Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1471–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hu D, Sires BS, Tong DC, et al. Effect of brief exposure to mitomycin C on cultured human nasal mucosa fibroblasts. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;16:119–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ali MJ, Mariappan I, Maddileti S, et al. Mitomycin C in dacryocystorhinostomy: the search for the right concentration and duration—a fundamental study on human nasal mucosa fibroblasts. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;29:469–74.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ingrams DR, Volk MS, Biesman BS, et al. Sinus surgery: does mitomycin C reduce stenosis? Laryngoscope. 1998;108:883–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rahal A, Peloquin L, Ahmarani C. Mitomycin C in sinus surgery: preliminary results in a rabbit model. J Otolaryngol. 2001;30:1–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kavuzlu A, Arslan N, Tastan E, et al. The effects of repetitious topical use of mitomycin C on antrostomy patency in maxillary antrostomy created rabbit model. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;268:1597–603.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Zacharia PT, Deppermann SR, Schuman JS. Ocular hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;116:314–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rubinfeld RS, Pfister RR, Stein RM, et al. Serious complications of topical mitomycin-C after pterygium surgery. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1647–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kao SC, Liao CL, Tseng JH, et al. Dacryocystorhinostomy with intraoperative mitomycin C. Ophthalmology. 1997;104:86–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Gonzalvo IF, Fuertes FI, Fernandez TF, et al. External dacryocystorhinostomy with mitomycin C. Clinical and anatomical evaluation with helical computed tomography. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2000;75:611–7.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tirakunwichcha S, Aeumjaturapat S, Sinprajakphon S. Efficacy of mitomycin C in endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Laryngoscope. 2011;121:433–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Deka A, Bhattacharjee K, Bhuyan SK, et al. Effect of mitomycin C on ostium in dacryocystorhinostomy. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2006;34:557–61.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Xue K, Mellington FE, Norris JH. Meta-analysis of the adjunctive use of mitomycin C in primary and revision, external and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Orbit. 2014 (Epub).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cheng SM, Feng YF, Xu L, et al. Efficacy of mitomycin C in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e62737.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Feng YF, Cai JQ, Zhang JY, et al. A meta-analysis of primary dacryocystorhinostomy with and without silicone intubation. Can J Ophthalmol. 2011;46:521–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Tabaee A, Brown SM, Anand VK. Mitomycin C and endoscopic sinus surgery: where are we? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;15:40–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Henson RD, Cruz HL, Henson RG, et al. Post-operative application of Mitomycin-C in endocanalicular laser dacryocystorhinostomy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;28:192–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kamal S, Ali MJ, Naik MN. Circumostial mitomycin C (COS-MMC) in external and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: efficacy, safety profiles and outcomes. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;30:187–90.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Woog JJ, Kennedy RH, Custer PL, et al. Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: a report by the American Academy of ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:2369–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Dolmetsch AM, Gallon MA, Holds JB. Non-laser endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with adjunctive mitomycin C in children. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;24:390–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sodhi PK, Verma L, Ratan SK. Young age – a risk factor for failure of dacryocystorhinostomy. Orbit. 2004;23:237–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Yildirim C, Yaylali V, Esme A, et al. Long-term results of adjunctive use of mitomycin C in external dacryocystorhinostomy. Int Ophthalmol. 2007;27:31–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Roozitalab MH, Amirahmadi M, Namazi MR. Results of the application of intraoperative mitomycin C in dacryocystorhinostomy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2004;14:461–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Yalaz M, Firinciogullari E, Zeren H. Use of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil in external dacryocystorhinostomy. Orbit. 1999;18:239–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Eshraghy B, Raygan F, Tabatabaie SZ, et al. Effect of mitomycin C on success rate in dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone tube intubation and improper flaps. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012;22:326–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Qadir M, Ahangar A, Dar MA, et al. Comparative study of dacryocystorhinostomy with and without intraoperative application of Mitomycin C. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2014;28:44–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ghosh S, Roychoudhury A, Roychaudhuri BK. Use of mitomycin C in endo-DCR. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;58:368–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Prasannaraj T, Kumar BY, Narasimhan I, et al. Significance of adjunctive mitomycin C in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Am J Otolaryngol. 2012;33:47–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Farahani F, Ramezani A. Effect of intraoperative mitomycin C application on recurrence of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Saudi Med J. 2008;29:1354–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Penttila E, Smirnov G, Seppa J, et al. Mitomycin C in revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: a prospective randomized study. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2011;25:425–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Ozkiris M, Ozkiris A, Goktas S. Effect of mitomycin C on revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23:e608–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ragab SM, Elsherif HS, Shehata EM, et al. Mitomycin C-enhanced revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;147:937–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kumar V, Ali MJ, Ramachandran C. Effect of mitomycin-C on contraction and migration of human nasal mucosa fibroblasts: implications in dacryocystorhinostomy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99:1295–300.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Nair AG, Ali MJ. Mitomycin-C in dacryocystorhinostomy: from experimentation to implementation and the road ahead: a review. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015;63:335–9.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Qian Z, Zhang Y, Fan X. Clinical outcomes of dacryocystorhinostomy with or without intraoperative use of mitomycin C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2014;30:615–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Singh M, Ali MJ, Naik MN. Long-term outcomes of circumostial injection of mitomycin C (COS-MMC) in dacryocystorhinostomy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31:423–4.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Ali MJ, Baig F, Lakshman M, et al. Electron microscopic features of nasal mucosa treated with topical and circumostial injection of mitomycin C: implications in dacryocystorhinostomy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31:103–7.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Brown MT. Wound healing. In: Cummings CW, Fredrickson JM, editors. Otolaryngology head and neck surgery. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 1998. p. 187–8.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Rathore PK, Kumari Sodhi P, Pandey RM. Topical mitomycin C as a postoperative adjunct to endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy in patients with anatomical endonasal variants. Orbit. 2009;28:297–302.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Do JR, Lee H, Baek S, Lee TS, Chang M. Efficacy of postoperative mitomycin-C eye drops on the clinical outcome in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;254:785–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yi-Fan Feng M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Feng, YF. (2018). Debates in Dacryology: The Mitomycin C Dilemma. In: Ali, M. (eds) Principles and Practice of Lacrimal Surgery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5442-6_44

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5442-6_44

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5441-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5442-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics