Skip to main content

Using Morphological Features to Simplify Complex Sentences in Punjabi Language

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Computing and Data Sciences (ICACDS 2016)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 721))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1601 Accesses

Abstract

In this research paper, a technique for automatic identification and simplification of long and complex sentences in Punjabi language has been proposed. In this research, mainly compound and complex sentences have been simplified. Various morphological features of non-finite verb and type of conjunctions used in complex sentences are used for identification of complex sentences. Sentence structure and conjunction are used for identification of compound sentences. Structure of clauses has been used to mark the start and end position of the dependent and independent clauses present in complex sentences. Syntactic technique has been used for simplification of compound and complex sentences. Author tested this system on compound and complex sentences and obtained an accuracy of 98% in case of compound sentences and 78% for complex sentence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chandrasekar, R., Srinivas, B.: Automatic induction of rules for text simplification. Knowl.-Based Syst. 10(3), 183–190 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Devlin, S., Tait, J.: The use of a psycholinguistic database in the simplification of text for aphasic readers. Linguist. Databases, pp. 161–173 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Klebanov, B.B., Knight, K., Marcu, D.: Text simplification for information-seeking applications. In: Meersman, R., Tari, Z. (eds.) OTM 2004. LNCS, vol. 3290, pp. 735–747. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30468-5_47

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Coster, W., Kauchak, D.: Learning to simplify sentences using Wikipedia. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Monolingual Text-To-Text Generation. Association for Computational Linguistics, Portland, June 2011, pp. 1–9 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Biran, O., Brody, S., Elhadad, N.: Putting it simply: a context-aware approach to lexical simplification. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Short Papers, vol. 2. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg, pp. 496–501 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Blum, S., Levenston, E.A.: Universals of lexical simplification. Lang. Learn. 28(2), 399–415 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hoard, J.E., Wojcik, R., Holzhauser, K.: An automated grammar and style checker for writers of simplified English. In: O’Brian Holt, P., William, N. (eds.) Computers and Writing, pp. 278–296. Springer, Dordrecht (1992). doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2854-4_19

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Siddharthan, A.: Syntactic simplification and text cohesion. Res. Lang. Comput. 4, 77–109 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhu, Z., Bernhard, D., Gurevych, I.: A monolingual tree-based translation model for sentence simplification. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 1353–1361 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wubben, S., van den Bosch, A., Krahmer, E.: Sentence simplification by monolingual machine translation. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Long Papers, vol. 1, pp. 1015–1024, July 2012. Association for Computational Linguistics, Jeju Island (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Woodsend, K., Lapata, M.: Learning to simplify sentences with quasi-synchronous grammar and integer programming. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 409–420. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kandula, S., Curtis, D., Zeng-Treitler, Q.: A semantic and syntactic text simplification tool for health content. In: AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, pp. 366–370. American Medical Informatics Association (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Silveira, S., Branco, A.: Combining a double clustering approach with sentence simplification to produce highly informative multi- document summaries. In: 2012 IEEE 13th International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI), pp. 482–489, August 2012

    Google Scholar 

  14. Scarton, C., de Oliveira, M., Candido Jr., A., Gasperin, C., Aluísio, S.M.: Simplifica: a tool for authoring simplified texts in Brazilian Portuguese guided by readability assessments. In: Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Demonstration Session, pp. 41–44. Association for Computational Linguistics, Stroudsburg (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Inui, K., Fujita, A., Takahashi, T., Iida, R., Iwakura, T.: Text simplification for reading assistance: a project note. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Paraphrasing, pp. 9–16. Association for Computational Linguistics, Sapporo, July 2003

    Google Scholar 

  16. Devlin, S., Unthank, G.: Helping aphasic people process online information. In: Proceedings of the 8th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 225–226. ACM, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bott, S., Rello, L., Drndarević, B., Saggion, H.: Can Spanish be simpler? LexSiS: lexical simplification for Spanish. In: Proceedings of COLING 2012. The COLING 2012 Organizing Committee, Mumbai, India, pp. 357–374, December 2012

    Google Scholar 

  18. Carroll, J., Minnen, G., Canning, Y., Devlin, S., Tait, J.: Practical simplification of English newspaper text to assist aphasic readers. In: Proceedings of AAAI-1998 Workshop on Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Assistive Technology, pp. 7–10 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Seretan, V.: Acquisition of syntactic simplification rules for French. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2012). European Language Resources Association (ELRA), Istanbul, May 2012

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hung, B.T., Minh, N.L., Shimazu, A.: Sentence splitting for Vietnamese-English machine translation. In: 2012 Fourth International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE), pp. 156–160, August 2012

    Google Scholar 

  21. Aranzabe, M.J., de Ilarraza, A.D., Gonzalez-Dios, I.: Transforming complex sentences using dependency trees for automatic text simplification in Basque. Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural 50, 61–68 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Barlacchi, G., Tonelli, S.: ERNESTA: a sentence simplification tool for children’s stories in Italian. In: Gelbukh, A. (ed.) CICLing 2013. LNCS, vol. 7817, pp. 476–487. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37256-8_39

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Chung, J.-W., Min, H.-J., Kim, J., Park, J.C.: Enhancing readability of web documents by text augmentation for deaf people. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics, pp. 30:1–30:10. ACM, New York (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Feblowitz, D., Kauchak, D.: Sentence simplification as tree transduction. In: Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Predicting and Improving Text Readability for Target Reader Populations, pp. 1–10. Association for Computational Linguistics, Sofia, August 2013

    Google Scholar 

  25. Klerke, S., Søgaard, A.: Simple, readable sub-sentences. In: 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop, pp. 142–149. Association for Computational Linguistics, Sofia, August 2013

    Google Scholar 

  26. Štajner, S., Drndarević, B., Saggion, H.: Corpus-based sentence deletion and split decisions for Spanish text simplification. Revista Computación y Sistemas 17(2), 251–262 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  27. ਡਾ.ਬਲਦੇਵ ਸਿੰਘ ਚੀਮਾ: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਾਕ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ (ਥਣਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਕਾਰਜ), ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਪਟਿਆਲ਼ਾ । (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  28. ਬੂਟਾ ਸਿਘ ਬਰਾਰ: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਆਕਰਨ (ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਹਾਰ), ਪਬਲੀਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਬਿਊਰੋ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਪਟਿਆਲ਼ਾ । (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sanjeev Kumar Sharma .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Sharma, S.K. (2017). Using Morphological Features to Simplify Complex Sentences in Punjabi Language. In: Singh, M., Gupta, P., Tyagi, V., Sharma, A., Ören, T., Grosky, W. (eds) Advances in Computing and Data Sciences. ICACDS 2016. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 721. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5427-3_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5427-3_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5426-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5427-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics