Skip to main content

Future Perspectives in Robotic Colorectal Surgery

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The revolution of robotic colorectal surgery has caused a tremendous increase in its adoption, and the number of patients undergoing these procedures has grown quickly worldwide, including in Asia. Since the original concept of “master and slave,” robotic technology has maximized capabilities far beyond human limits, namely extra robotic arms controlled by the operating surgeon, wrist-like articulation, magnified three dimensional visualization with high-definition and depth perception with the use of an ergonomic and stable stereo-optic camera. The advantage of robotic surgery is maximized in confined spaces—in colorectal surgery, this is in the domain of low rectal cancers, for which robotic surgery can help to achieve good oncological and functional outcomes and improve the ease of surgery for the surgeon. New advances in technology integration of hardware, software, and design architectures, such as nanorobotic technology, hybrid augmented virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and concepts yet to be realized, may synergize and enhance robotic colorectal surgery in the future. Robotic surgical systems have the potential to optimize the surgical management of, and enhance survival and functional outcomes in, patients with low rectal cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Definition of ‘robot’. Oxford English Dictionary.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Robotics. Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 27 February 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Medical Post 23:1985.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kwoh YS, Hou J, Jonckheere EA, Hayall S. A robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1988;35(2):153–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lanfranco AR, Castellanos AE, Desai JP, Meyers WC. Robotic surgery. Ann Surg. 2004;239(1):14–21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. ROBODOC: surgical robot success story.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Meadows M. Computer-assisted surgery: an update. FDA Consumer magazine. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 1 Mar 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  8. McConnell PI, Schneeberger EW, Michler RE. History and development of robotic cardiac surgery. Probl Gen Surg. 2003;20(2):20–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Linbergh operation – IRCAD/EITS Laparoscopic Center.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ballantyne GH, Merola P, Weber A, Wasielewski A. Robotic solutions to the pitfalls of laparoscopic colectomy. Osp Ital Chir. 2001;7:405–12.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Weber PA, Merola S, Wasielewski A, Ballantyne GH. Telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic right and sigmoid colectomies for benign disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:1689–94. discussion 1695-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Delaney CP, Lynch AG, Senagore AJ, Fazio VW. Comparison of robotically performed and traditional laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:1633–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. D’Annibale A, Morpurgo E, Fiscon V, Trevisan P, Sovernigo G, Orsini C, et al. Robotic and laparosocpic surgery for treatment of colorectal disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:2162–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Pigazzi A, Ellenhorn JD, Ballantyne GH, Paz IB. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:1521–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rawlings AL, Woodland JH, Crawford DL. Telerobotic surgery for right and sigmoid colectomies: 30 consecutive cases. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:1713–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rawlings AL, Woodland JH, Vegunta RK, Crawford DL. Robotic versus laparoscopic colectomy. Surg Endosc. 2007;21:1701–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hellan M, Anderson C, Ellenhorn JD, Paz B, Pigazzi A. Short-term outcomes after robotic-assisted total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:3168–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Spinoglio G, Summa M, Priora F, Quarati R, Testa S. Robotic colorectal surgery: first 50 cases experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51:1627–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Baik SH, Kang CM, Lee WJ, Kim NK, Sohn SK, Chi HS, et al. Robotic total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer. J Robot Surg. 2007;1:99–102.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Ng SS, Lee JF, Yiu RY, Li JC, Hon SS. Telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer: report of the first case in Hong Kong and China with an updated literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:2514–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Baik SH, Kim YT, Ko YT, Kang CM, Lee WJ, Kim NK, et al. Simultaneous robotic total mesorectal excision and total abdominal hysterectomy for rectal cancer and uterine myoma. Int J Color Dis. 2008;23:207–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Baik SH, Ko YT, Kang CM, Lee WJ, Kim NK, Sohn SK, et al. Robotic tumor-specific mesorectal excision of rectal cancer: short-term outcome of a pilot randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:1601–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Choi DJ, Kim SH, Lee PJM, Kim J, Woo SW. Single stage totally robotic dissection for rectal cancer surgery: technique and short-term outcome in 50 consecutive patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52(11):1824–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. The slow rise of the robot surgeon. MIT Technology Review. 24 Mar 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jayne DG, Guillou PJ, Thorpe H, Quirke P, Copeland J, Smith AM, Heath RM, Brown JM, UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. Randomized trial of laparoscopic-assisted resection of colorectal carcinoma: 3-year results of the UK MRC CLASICC Trial Group. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(21):3061–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. COLOR Study Group. COLOR: a randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open resection for colon cancer. Dig Surg. 2000;17(6):617–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. van der Pas MH, Haglind E, Cuesta MA, Fürst A, Lacy AM, Hop WC, Bonjer HJ, COlorectal cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection II (COLOR II) Study Group. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer (COLOR II): short-term outcomes of a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(3):210–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Collinson FJ, Jayne DG, Pigazzi A, Tsang C, Barrie JM, Edlin R, Garbett C, Guillou P, Holloway I, Howard H, et al. An international, multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, unblinded, parallel-group trial of robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic surgery for the curative treatment of rectal cancer. Int J Color Dis. 2012;27:233–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Nandakumar G, Fleshman JW. Laparoscopy for rectal cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2010;19:793–802.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Chang Y, Wang J, Chang D. A meta-analysis of robotic versus laparoscopic colectomy. J Surg Res. 2015;195(2):465–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Rondelli F, Balzarotti R, Villa F, et al. Is robot-assisted laparoscopic right colectomy more effective than the conventional laparoscopic procedure? A meta-analysis of short-term outcomes. Int J Surg. 2015;18:75–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Zarak A, Castillo A, Kichler K, de la Cruz L, Tamariz L, Kaza S. Robotic versus laparoscopic surgery for colonic disease: a meta-analysis of postoperative variables. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(6):1341–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Altieri M, Yang J, Telem D, et al. Robotic approaches may offer benefit in colorectal procedures, more controversial in other areas: a review of 168,248 cases. Surg Endosc. 2015;30(3):925–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lorenzon L, Bini F, Balducci G, Ferri M, Salvi P, Marinozzi F. Laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted colectomy and rectal resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Color Dis. 2015;31(2):161–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kang J, Yoon KJ, Min BS, Hur H, Baik SH, Kim NK, Lee KY. The impact of robotic surgery for mid and low rectal cancer: a case-matched analysis of 3-arm comparison – open, laparoscopic, and robotic surgery. Ann Surg. 2013;257(1):95–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. deSouza AL, Prasad LM, Ricci J, Park JJ, Marecik SJ, Zimmern A, Blumetti J, Abcarian H. A comparison of open and robotic total mesorectal excision for rectal adenocarcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54(3):275–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Park JS, Choi GS, Lim KH, Jang YS, Jun SH. S052: a comparison of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2011;25(1):240–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Ghezzi TL, Luca F, Valvo M, Corleta OC, Zuccaro M, Cenciarelli S, Biffi R. Robotic versus open total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: comparative study of short and long-term outcomes. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40:1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2014.02.235.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. D’Annibale A, Pernazza G, Monsellato I, Pende V, Lucandri G, Mazzocchi P, Alfano G. Total mesorectal excision: a comparison of oncological and functional outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(6):1887–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Xiong B, Ma L, Zhang C, Cheng Y. Robotic versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Surg Res. 2014;188(2):404–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Baik SH, Kwon HY, Kim JS, Hur H, Sohn SK, Cho CH, Kim H. Robotic versus laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer: short-term outcome of a prospective comparative study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(6):1480–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Speicher PJ, Englum BR, Ganapathi AM, Nussbaum DP, Mantyh CR, Migaly J. Robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a national perspective on short-term oncologic outcomes. Ann Surg. 2015;262:1040.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Liao G, Zhao Z, Lin S, Li R, Yuan Y, Du S, Chen J, Deng H. Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials. World J Surg Oncol. 2014;12:122.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Xu J, Qin X. Expert consensus on robotic surgery for colorectal cancer (2015 edition). Chin J Cancer. 2016;35:23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Morelli L, Guadagni S, Di Franco G, et al. Int J Color Dis. 2015;30:1281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Lim DR, Min BS, Kim MS, Alasari S, Kim G, Hur H, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK. Robotic versus laparoscopic anterior resection of sigmoid colon cancer: comparative study of long-term oncologic outcomes. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:1379–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Cho MS, Baek SJ, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK. Short and long-term outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a case-matched retrospective study. Medicine. 2015;94(11):e522.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Park EJ, Cho MS, Baek SJ, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK. Long-term oncologic outcomes of robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a comparative study with laparoscopic surgery. Ann Surg. 2015;261(1):129–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kim J, Baek SJ, Kang DW, Roh YE, Lee JW, Kwak HD, Kwak JM, Kim SH. Robotic resection is a good prognostic factor in rectal cancer compared with laparoscopic resection: long-term survival analysis using propensity score matching. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60(3):266–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Shin JW, Kim J, Kwak JM, Hara M, Cheon J, Kang SH, Kang SG, Stevenson AR, Coughlin G, Kim SH. First report: robotic pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer. Color Dis. 2014;16(1):O9–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Robotic Sigmoid Colectomy with NOSE Jesse M Cheney, cst, csfa October 2016. The Surgical Technologist.

    Google Scholar 

  52. A future without jobs? Two views of the changing work force. The New York Times. 9 Mar 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jump up. Thompson, Derek. A World Without Work.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Yan (30 July 2011). Foxconn to replace workers with 1 million robots in 3 years. Xinhua News Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Judgment day - employment law and robots in the workplace.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Focal Points Seminar on review articles in the future of work - Safety and health at work - EU-OSHA.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Michio Kaku, Physics of the future: Future of Medicine, How science will shape human destiny and our daily lives by the year 2100.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Prepping robots to perform surgery. New York Times. 4 May 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Babbage Science and Technology (18 Jan 2012). Surgical robots: the kindness of strangers. The Economist.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Salesmen in the surgical suite. New York Times. 25 Mar 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Patients scarred after robotic surgery. CNBC. 19 Apr 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lenoir T. In: Thurtle P, editor. Semiotic flesh: information and the human body. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press; 2002. p. 28–51.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Draft standard for intelligent assist devices — Personnel Safety Requirements.

    Google Scholar 

  64. ISO/TS 15066:2016 - Robots and robotic devices -- Collaborative robots.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Gidaro S, Buscarini M, Ruiz E, Stark M, Labruzzo A. Telelap Alf-X: a novel telesurgical system for the 21st century. Surg Technol Int. 2012;22:20–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hamed A, Tang SC, Ren H, Squires A, Payne C, Masamune K, Tang G, Mohammadpour J, Tse ZTH. Advances in haptics, tactile sensing, and manipulation for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, noninvasive surgery, and diagnosis. J Robot. 2012;2012:1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Data on file. Intuitive surgical. 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Leonard S, Wu KL, Kim Y, Krieger A, Kim PC. Smart tissue anastomosis robot (STAR): a vision-guided robotics system for laparoscopic suturing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014;61(4):1305–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seon-Hahn Kim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Zakaria, A.D., Toh, J.W.T., Kim, SH. (2018). Future Perspectives in Robotic Colorectal Surgery. In: Kim, N., Sugihara, K., Liang, JT. (eds) Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5143-2_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5143-2_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5142-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5143-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics