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Epilepsy, Status Epilepticus, and Refractory Status Epilepticus

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Abstract

Epilepsy is a common nervous system disease that affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. Because it has diverse clinical manifestations, epilepsy is difficult to diagnose and treat. In contrast to epilepsy, status epilepticus (SE) is not self-terminating. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classifies SE into two types, SE with prominent motor symptoms and SE without prominent motor symptoms, which primarily include convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), respectively. Additionally, complex partial seizures, which are the main presentation in NCSE, have complex clinical manifestations. Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) is resistant to anti-SE drugs and requires special treatment to induce termination. It is currently thought that if the seizure does not terminate or reoccurs after 2–3 types of anti-SE drugs have been administered, it should be classified as RSE. In this chapter, we introduce the definitions, classifications, and clinical features of and evaluations used in epilepsy, SE, and RSE. Moreover, we describe what is currently known regarding epilepsy and SE with a focus on new opinions regarding RSE. Throughout this discussion, we present our own views, and we hope to provide a solid foundation for the studies described in the other chapters presented in this book.

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  1. Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China

    Yangmei Chen

  2. China Association Against Epilepsy (CAAE), Rm. 5102, Building 2, Beijing Exhibition Center Hotel, 135 Xizhimenwai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, People’s Republic of China

    Shichuo Li

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  1. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Xuefeng Wang

  2. Institute on Global Health (IGH), Peking University & UN Consultative Committee on Life Science and Human Health (CCLH), Beijing, China

    Shichuo Li

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Chen, Y., Li, S. (2017). Epilepsy, Status Epilepticus, and Refractory Status Epilepticus. In: Wang, X., Li, S. (eds) Refractory Status Epilepticus. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5125-8_1

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