Abstract
This chapter studies the policies designed and implemented in the European Union (EU) to promote low-carbon technologies (LCTs). The focus of this chapter is on nonmarket instruments, i.e. instruments that do not use financial incentives but rather regulatory measures. In particular, we study measures that were decided at the regional level by the European Commission and need to be implemented at the national level. We analyse four recent directives aimed at promoting LCTs for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We find that the four directives helped reduce energy consumption in the EU and increased international trade in low-carbon products.
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Notes
- 1.
Primary energy consumption is defined in Article 2.2 of the directive as “gross inland consumption, excluding non-energy uses”. Final energy consumption is defined in Article 2.3 as “all energy supplied to industry, transport, households, services, and agriculture. It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector and the energy industries themselves”.
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Helble, M., Majoe, A. (2017). Regulatory Instruments and the Diffusion of Low-Carbon Technologies in the European Union. In: Anbumozhi, V., Kalirajan, K. (eds) Globalization of Low-Carbon Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4901-9_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4901-9_15
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