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Climate Changes, Water Use and Survival During Severe Water Deprivation

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Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change

Abstract

The global total water resources available for consumption are only 0.7%. In addition to that, climate change is worsening the situation. In such condition the water availability for livestock is reducing. Water is an essential component for several vital functions of the body such as regulation of body temperature, growth, reproduction, reaction and digestion. Drinking water scarcity is common during summer in tropical environment. Although the native sheep breeds of arid and semi-arid regions are well adapted to the water shortage as well as heat stress, still the insufficiency of water in summer months affect their physiology and compromise their productive performance. The adapted native sheep of arid and semi-arid region endeavour with some anatomical, physiological and behavioural modifications to reduce the demand of water in the body. Livestock loses body water through urine, faeces, respiratory evaporation and sweating. Most of the mammals die when more than 15% water is lost from their body. The water requirements for sheep are met through drinking water, feed water and metabolic water. The water intake of sheep depends on the available feed stuff, environmental temperature, individual animal and its physiological stages, and water quality. The decreased water intake in sheep reduces body weight and feed intake, and increase blood osmolality due to haemoconcentration. The endocrine levels especially stress hormone and metabolic hormone levels are also altered with water insufficiency in sheep. The reduced water availability also affects the reproductive events of the animal and ultimately their production performance is compromised.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Physiology of Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Malpura, 304501, Rajasthan, India

    S. M. K. Naqvi

  2. ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Malpura, 304501, Rajasthan, India

    Kalyan De & Davendra Kumar

  3. Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560030, Karnataka, India

    Veerasamy Sejian

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Veerasamy Sejian

  2. ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Raghavendra Bhatta

  3. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia

    John Gaughan

  4. Bioenergetics and Environmental Sciences Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Pradeep Kumar Malik

  5. Division of Physiology of Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Malpura, Rajasthan, India

    S.M.K Naqvi

  6. Carbon Management and Sequestration Centre, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Naqvi, S.M.K., De, K., Kumar, D., Sejian, V. (2017). Climate Changes, Water Use and Survival During Severe Water Deprivation. In: Sejian, V., Bhatta, R., Gaughan, J., Malik, P., Naqvi, S., Lal, R. (eds) Sheep Production Adapting to Climate Change. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4714-5_7

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