Abstract
Oxidative stress is well-known phenomenon, caused by a shift in the delicate balance between radical generation and scavenging of radical capacity in cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily composed of superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, etc. In principle, every molecule including oxygen is known as an oxidant or oxidizing agent if it is capable of accepting electrons (Prior and Cao 1999), and the process of electron loss is known as oxidation. In biology, the process of oxidation is always accompanied by reduction and such reactions are called as redox reactions. Redox reactions are basis for numerous biochemical pathways including biosynthesis and regulation of metabolism. While oxidant and reductant are chemical terms, in biological context these are often known as pro-oxidant and antioxidant, respectively (Kohen and Nyska 2002). Pro-oxidant includes several radical and nonradical species (Halliwell 2006).
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Acknowledgements
Authors would like to acknowledge Anamika Gangwar, DST-INSPIRE fellow at Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS, DRDO), who kindly provided the figures of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy used in the chapter.
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Arya, A., Ahmad, Y. (2017). Oxidative Stress Monitoring Using In Vitro Systems: Tools and Findings. In: Maurya, P., Chandra, P. (eds) Oxidative Stress: Diagnostic Methods and Applications in Medical Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_7
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