Skip to main content

India’s Transition of Economic Development Strategy Under the Modi Administration

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2016)
  • 301 Accesses

Abstract

Since the Modi administration came to office in 2014, it has launched a range of policies and measures aimed at revitalizing the economy and reforming government. These have largely been “supply side” reforms, promoting a transition in Indian economic development strategy towards a structural adjustment. Following two years of implementation, the Modi Administration has seen some successes in advancing transition in the country’s economic development strategy, but reforms have also prompted controversy within the international community related to the sustainability of Indian economic growth at present levels, and around the question of whether China-India economic competition has reached a turning point. Through a review of the history of India’s economic development, this paper summarizes and analyzes the characteristics of the Modi Administration’s economic development strategy, and considers its appropriateness and insufficiencies vis-à-vis India’s ongoing economic challenges. As we know, the development strategy will become the direction and guidance of a country’s macroeconomic development in the long term once it is formulated, so this study of the Modi Administration’s development strategy and its implementation will contribute to analyzing and predicting India’s economic development prospects and its impact on China to a certain extent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Wen Fude, Indian Economy: Development, Reform and Prospect, Bashu Press, 2003, p. 23.

  2. 2.

    Mahalanobis, a renowned Indian scholar, put forward the initial strategy mode of economic development after the independence on the basis of Nehru’s economic thoughts.

  3. 3.

    Shanti Swarup Gupta, Integrated Development Plan for India: Goal, Tools, and Strategies, concept publishing company, New Delhi, 1992, p. 199.

  4. 4.

    Wen Fude, Research on India’s Economic Prospects, Current Affairs Press, 2014, p. 27.

  5. 5.

    Wen Fude, Indian Economy: Development, Reform and Prospect, Bashu Press, 2003, p. 333.

  6. 6.

    Arvind Panagariya, India’s Economic Growth and Reforms in the 1980s1990s, Citic Publishing House, 2004, pp. 85–104.

  7. 7.

    Zhang Liqun, Research on India’s Economic Growth, Southeast University Press, 2009, p. 216.

  8. 8.

    Li Dechang “New Progress in India’s Economic Reform”, South Asian Studies Quarterly, 1st issue of 1995, p. 11.

  9. 9.

    Yang Wenwu, “The Strategic Background for India’s New Administration to Power Economic Development in a Kickback Manner”, South Asian Studies Quarterly, 3rd issue of 1998, p. 27.

  10. 10.

    Dong Lei, The Path for Post-War Economic Development: India, Economic Science Press, 2013, p. 15.

  11. 11.

    Wen Fude, Research on India’s Experience and Lessons from Its Economic Reform, Bashu Press, 2008, p. 15.

  12. 12.

    Yang Wenwu, Research on India’s Economic Development Model, Current Affairs Press, 2013, pp. 20–22.

  13. 13.

    Yang Guangbin, Concepts, “Institutions and Economic Performance—Values of Political Theories Related to Chinese and Indian Economic Reforms”, Journal of Renmin University of China, 3rd issue of 2006, p. 115.

  14. 14.

    David·Smith: The Competition between the Dragon and Elephant: China, India and A New World Order, Contemporary China Publishing House, 2007, pp. 74–75.

  15. 15.

    Note: from August 1947 to April 2014, India experienced 13 prime ministers and one acting prime minister (Gulzari Lal Nanda served as acting prime minister of India twice, from May 27, 1964 to June 9, 1964, and from January 11, 1966 to January 24, 1966), in which Indira Gandhi and Manmohan Singh had served as two terms of prime minister of India respectively; Atal Bihari Vajpayee had served as three terms of prime minister of India, thus there were 17 terms of prime ministers in total.

  16. 16.

    Note: Respectively being the “green revolution” in the planting industry, “white revolution” in animal husbandry, “blue revolution” in the fishery industry and “color revolution” in the fruit and vegetable industry.

  17. 17.

    Note: Before the independence, Indian society contained three land tenure systems, namely Zamindar, Mahal Val and Ryotware system, which were also named as land broker system. See content from Huang Sijun’s Research on India’s Land System, China Social Sciences Press.

  18. 18.

    Mao Yue: “Analysis of the Results of India’s Land Reform: Perspective of Interest Groups”, The Socialist Issues in Contemporary World, 2nd issue of 2012, pp. 74–75.

  19. 19.

    Wen Fude, Research on India’s Experience and Lessons from Its Economic Reform, Bashu Press, 2008, pp. 153–241.

  20. 20.

    Note: All the basic data in the paper come from India’s economic investigation reports except those with the sources specified.

  21. 21.

    Arivind Virmani, India’s Economic Growth: From Socialist Rate of Growth to Bharatiya Rate of Growth, working paper No. 122. Indian council for research on international economic relations. 2004, p. 16. http://www.icrier.org/pdf/wp122.pdf.

  22. 22.

    Raj Krishna: “Growth, Investment and Poverty in Mid-term appraisal of the Sixth Plan”, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. XVIII, Nos. 45&46, 19 Nov. 1983, p. 1972.

  23. 23.

    Note: The time stamps in the paper include calendar years and fiscal years. The data are based on the concept of fiscal years generally used by the Central Statistics Office or the concept of calendar years used by World Bank and other international databases. In India, a fiscal year starts from April 1 of one year to March 31 of the next year. The fiscal year 2014 lasts from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014.

  24. 24.

    Note: After adjusted, India calculates GDP based on market prices rather than element costs to include commodity and service value-added taxes and indirect taxes. Besides, the benchmark year for calculating GDP changed from the period of 2004–2005 to the period of 2011–2012.

  25. 25.

    Li Yanfang: Research on India’s Service Outsourcing, Economic Science Press, 2014, pp. 111–112.

  26. 26.

    Amartya Sen, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunities, Social Sciences Academic Press, 2006, pp. 1–2.

  27. 27.

    Ruddar Dart, K.P.M. Sundaram, India’s Economy, Sichuan University Press, 1994, p. 270.

  28. 28.

    Mao Yue, Dream to Be a Big Power: A Deeper Level of Power for India’s Economic Reform and Growth, thesis for the doctorate at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2011.

  29. 29.

    Yasheng Huang, Tarun Khanna, “Can India Overtake China?”, Foreign Policy, July 1, 2003. http://foreignpolicy.com/2003/07/01/can-india-overtake-china/.

  30. 30.

    Xu Dianqing, et al., The Path to End Poverty: Comparison of Development Strategies between China and India, China Machine Press, 2009.

  31. 31.

    “Results of India’ s General Election: The Biggest Opposition Party Bharatiya Janata Party Wins by a Large Majority”, CRI Online, May 17, 2014, http://gb.cri.cn/42071/2014/05/17/7211s4544664.htm.

  32. 32.

    David Pilling, “Modi Shall Honor the Commitment of ‘Toilets Before Temples’”, FTChinese.com, May 16, 2014, http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001056255?page=1.

  33. 33.

    “China’s GDP Exceeds US$10 Trillion for the First Time; Modi Claims India Works for US$20 Trillion of GDP”, guancha.cn, January 20, 2015, http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2015-01-20/1239818803.html.

  34. 34.

    “India’s President Declares the Ambition of Modi’s Economic Reform: Building India into the World’s Manufacturing Center”, guancha.cn, June 10, 2014, http://www.guancha.cn/Neighbors/2014_06_10_236486.shtml.

  35. 35.

    “India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi Orders to Dismiss the National Planning Commission”, guancha.cn, January 3, 2015, http://www.guancha.cn/Neighbors/2015_01_03_305112.shtml.

  36. 36.

    Zhang Ao, “Indian Media: Cold-Shouldered by TPP, India Turns to Join RCEP”, huanqiu.com, February 11, 2016, http://world.huanqiu.com/exclusive/2016-02/8527734.html.

  37. 37.

    Xue Jiao, Modi Administration Initiates a Plan to Raise US$13.3 Billion for Privatization, Yicai.com, August 12, 2014 http://epaper.yicai.com:81/site1/html/2014-08/12/content_217488.htm.

  38. 38.

    “Modi Turns to the Supply Side”, The Wall Street Journal, June 11, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/modi-turns-to-the-supply-side-1402419886.

  39. 39.

    Wen Fude, “The New Normal in India’s Economic Growth after Modi Takes Office”, Asia-pacific Economic Review, 2nd issue of 2015, p. 63.

  40. 40.

    Pan Yinru, “Five Major Industrial Corridors Take Initial Shape, India’s Manufacturing Well on the Way to Revitalization”, Yicai.com, September 28, 2014 http://www.yicai.com/news/2014/09/4024052.html.

  41. 41.

    She Yonggang, Tang Lu, “India Government Releases the Annual Budgetary Plan”, Xinhuanet.com, February 28, 2015 http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-02/28/c_127529747.htm.

  42. 42.

    “India’s Financial Minister: Infrastructure Budget To Increase in the Next Fiscal Year”, fx678.com, January 7, 2016 http://news.fx678.com/C/20160107/201601071449462217.shtml.

  43. 43.

    “India: The Next Manufacturing Center of the World”, 962518.com, February 5, 2015 http://paper.cnstock.com/html/2015-02/05/content_488689.htm.

  44. 44.

    Modi Administration Chooses Eight Electronic Manufacturing Centers to Advance Development of Manufacturing, Economic and Commercial Section of the Consulate General of China in Mumbai, June 18, 2014 http://bombay.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201406/20140600629962.shtml.

  45. 45.

    “India’s Media: Japan to Build ‘Japanese Industrial Parks’ in 11 Places in India”, finance.ifeng.com, May 8, 2015, http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20150508/13692451_0.shtml.

  46. 46.

    “Industry 4.0 Makes It Possible for India to Become a Manufacturing Power”, ce.cn, May 19, 2015, http://intl.ce.cn/specials/zxgjzh/201505/19/t20150519_5402919.shtml.

  47. 47.

    “Huang Ao, Modi Launches a Reform Mix: Revitalizing Manufacturing and Strengthening Infrastructure Construction”, thepaper.cn, September 27, 2014 http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_1268880.

  48. 48.

    Pan Yinru, “Modi Advocates the ‘Innovation and Entrepreneurship’ Initiative of the India’s Version”, Yicai.com, January 17, 2016 http://www.yicai.com/news/2016/01/4740090.html.

  49. 49.

    “The Right Things Modi Has Done in India’s Anti-corruption Campaign”, Commentary Department of ifeng.com, February 2, 2016 http://news.ifeng.com/opinion/fenghuanglun/fenghuanglun106/1.shtml.

  50. 50.

    “Indian Government Officially Loosens the General Upper Limit for the Proportion of FDI in the National Defense Field”, dsti.net, August 10, 2014, http://www.81tech.com/news/guofangkejigongye/138438.html.

  51. 51.

    Li Yujia, “India’s Dream about Land Finance”, chinanews.com, May 29, 2015 http://finance.chinanews.com/fortune/2015/05-29/7309668.shtml.

  52. 52.

    Wang Yufeng, “India to Significantly Revise Labor Law”, Yicai.com, June 30, 2014 http://www.yicai.com/news/2014/06/3986702.html.

  53. 53.

    Wang Haixia, “Modi’s New Economic Reform”, forwarded by Xinhuanet.com from the Global Magazine, May 22, 2015 http://news.xinhuanet.com/globe/2015-05/22/c_134261972.htm.

  54. 54.

    “Economists: India’s Economy to Lead Global Economic Growth in 2016”, people.com.cn, January 18, 2016, http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2016/01-18/7720913.shtml.

  55. 55.

    Lin Yifu, “The Slide in China’s Economic Growth Since 2010 is Periodic”, finance.ifeng.com, December 12, 2015, http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20151212/14121583_0.shtml.

  56. 56.

    29 state lower houses professed by Indian government include so-called “Arunachal Pradesh”, namely southern Tibet of China.

  57. 57.

    Ren Zeping, “The Competition between the Dragon and Elephant: Can India Be a Successor of China?” Laohucaijing.com, March 8, 2015 http://www.laohucaijing.com/news/21450/.

  58. 58.

    Nirvikar Singh, “India’s Development Strategy: Accidents, Design and Replicability” MPRA Paper No. 12453, posted 1. January 2009. p. 1.

  59. 59.

    “India’s Prime Minister Kicks off the ‘Make in India’ Campaign to Realize the ‘Lion Dream’”, people.cn, November 24, 2014 http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2014-11/24/c_127244871.htm.

  60. 60.

    Yuan Yuan, India’s Growth Story, International Finance News, March 2, 2015, Section 1.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Social Sciences Academic Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Li, Y. (2017). India’s Transition of Economic Development Strategy Under the Modi Administration. In: Wang, R., Zhu, C. (eds) Annual Report on the Development of the Indian Ocean Region (2016). Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4693-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics