Abstract
The 1980s, from reform and opening up to 1991, was a special period in China’s history. It was a period of rapid development, a period of institutional transformation, and a period of innovation. In this period, reform or construction for the social security system did not achieve great progress, but the state followed the laws of economic development and social transformation, changed understanding, launched pilot programs, summed up experience, broke traditional employment barriers, and gradually promoted social security reforms. At that time, both economic reform and social security reform were like “crossing the river while groping for stepping stones.”
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Notes
- 1.
The Communique of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh CPC Central Committee passed on December 22, 1978.
- 2.
Edited by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (2007, p. 691).
- 3.
Xia (2009a).
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Xia (2008c). This article records an interview with Li Xiusheng, former director of the Social Insurance and Welfare Department of Henan Labor Bureau; Li Jiaji, former deputy director of the Social Insurance and Welfare Department of Henan Labor Bureau; and Mao Fengjun, former researcher of the Social Insurance and Welfare Department of Henan Labor Bureau.
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Xia (2008b) and Fu (1985).
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Fu (1985).
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Fu (1985).
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Wu (1979).
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Xia (2008b).
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Xia (2009a).
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Xia (2008a).
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Compilation Committee of Nanjing Chorography (1999, p. 68).
- 14.
Urban collective enterprises that were established for educated youth were exempted from income tax for 1 year since operation. After 1 year, the enterprises still having difficulties could enjoy other tax preference. In rural areas, collective factories and production teams that were established for educated youth, no matter old or new, were exempted from income tax, industrial and commercial taxes from 1979 to 1985. And since 1979, the additional tax levied on cooperative shops was also eliminated.
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Compilation Committee of Nanjing Chorography (1999, p. 68).
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Xia (2008b).
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Xia (2008a).
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Xia (2008b).
- 19.
Ibid.
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Xia (2008b).
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Liu and Zang (2008e).
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Compilation Committee of Annals of Labor and Social Security in Shenzhen: Annals of Labor and Social Security in Shenzhen (Special Annals of Shenzhen), Haitian Press, p. 278, 2005.
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Xia (2008a).
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Xia (2008a, 2009a).
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Compilation Committee of Annals of Labor and Social Security in Shenzhen: Annals of Labor and Social Security in Shenzhen (Special Annals of Shenzhen), Haitian Press, p. 278, 2005.
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Secretariat of China Academy of Labor (1983).
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Secretariat of China Academy of Labor (1983).
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Secretariat of China Academy of Labor (1983).
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Secretariat of China Academy of Labor (1983).
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Secretariat of China Academy of Labor (1983).
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Xia (2009a).
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Xia (2008a).
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Xia (2009a).
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- 59.
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Edited by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (2007, p. 687).
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Edited by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (2007, p. 693).
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He (1985).
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- 83.
He (1985).
- 84.
Ni (1989).
- 85.
Sun (1986, 1989).
- 86.
At that time, since whether unemployment existed in the socialist society was not yet clarified, the word “unemployment” was not used to express unemployment issues, but the phrase “waiting for employment.”
- 87.
Edited by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security (2007, p. 691).
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Zhou, H., Zhang, J. (2017). From “Enterprise Insurance” to Social Insurance. In: Towards a Society with Social Protection for All. China Insights. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4669-8_3
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