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Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: The Beneficial Effects of Exercise

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Book cover Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 999))

Abstract

Cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when the myocardium is revascularized after an episode of limited or absent blood supply. Many changes, including free radical production, calcium overload, protease activation, altered membrane lipids and leukocyte activation, contribute to IRI-induced myocardium damage. Aerobic exercise is the only countermeasure against IRI that can be sustained on a regular basis in clinical practice. Interestingly, both short-term (3–5 days) and long-term (several weeks) exercise increase myocardial tolerance, reduce infarct size area and arrhythmias induced by IRI. Exercise protects the heart against IRI in a biphasic manner. The early phase of cardioprotection occurs between 30 min and 3 h following an acute exercise bout, whilst the late phase is achieved within 24 h after the exercise bout and persists for several days. As for the exercise intensity, although controversial data exists, it is feasible that the amount of cardioprotection is proportional to exercise intensity and only achieved above a critical threshold. It is known that aerobic exercise produces a cardioprotective phenotype, however the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unclear. Apparently, aerobic exercise-induced preconditioning is dependent on several factors that work together to protect the heart. Altered nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increased levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), enhanced function of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, increased activation of opioids system, and enhanced antioxidant capacity may contribute to exercise-induced cardioprotection. Much has been discovered from animal models involving exercise-induced cardioprotection against cardiac IRI, however translating these findings to clinical practice still represents the major challenge in this field.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Juliana Pereira Borges

  2. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil

    Karine da Silva Verdoorn

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  1. Juliana Pereira Borges
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  2. Karine da Silva Verdoorn
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Correspondence to Juliana Pereira Borges .

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  1. Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China

    Junjie Xiao

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Borges, J.P., da Silva Verdoorn, K. (2017). Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: The Beneficial Effects of Exercise. In: Xiao, J. (eds) Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 999. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_10

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