Abstract
The approaches reviewed in the Chapter two share one point that corrupt individuals do something wrong according to ruling group’ standards, no matter whether their behavior is against norms, laws, ethics, public interest, public opinion, or principle’s objectives. In other words, their analyses are inner institutional.
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Notes
- 1.
The word “censure” perfectly describes the image of anticorruption. First, it reflects status difference of two key parties in the anticorruption, which is government (ruling group) and to be punished officials. Only can the powerful censure the powerless. Second, it reflects interest presumed. The censurer will not hurt its own interest when censure other. Third, it reflects ideology or moral presumed. The censurer censure others based on his own ideology or moral rather than a well-based one.
- 2.
Town can also be regarded as a level, but it is incomplete for many departments have no corresponding office at town level.
- 3.
Nelken and Levi (1996:1) point out that “more important, however, is to appreciate that accusations reflect wider ideological positions—the right connecting corruption with wastefulness of left-wing administrations, while the right is accused of using it political base to line the pockets of business elites”.
- 4.
Retrieved on August 10, 2006. From http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2004/dnld/chinese.pdf.
- 5.
The Eastern Daily, Hong Kong, March 2nd, 2004, A31.
- 6.
Refer to Jason Leung at http://www.jasononline.com/law/ruleoflaw.htm.
- 7.
Retrieved on August 10, 2006. From http://www.oycf.org/Perspectives/5_043000/what_is_rule_of_law.htm.
- 8.
Retrieved on August 10, 2006. From http://www.oycf.org/Perspectives/5_043000/what_is_rule_of_law.htm.
- 9.
Retrieved on August 10, 2006. From http://www.oycf.org/Perspectives/5_043000/what_is_rule_of_law.htm.
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Jiang, G. (2017). A Contextualized Approach: Theory of Social Censure. In: Corruption Control in Post-Reform China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4050-4_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4050-4_3
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